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It says that we use present perfect for actions in the past that have a result now. No matter how much I try to figure out this, sometimes it is pretty hard.

I have also read the followings as well, but it seems like that I can't grab this correctly. (Even when I write this, I am doubtful whether I should want to use I read or I have read)

https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/present-perfect/

Does the present perfect imply an action finished in the past?

Which is correct: "has died" or "died"?

Let's assume a situation. I went shopping and while coming back from shopping I meet someone and ask me where did you go? (again I don't know whether it is "where have you gone" or "where did you go?")

What should I need to say? I went shopping or I have gone shopping.

I have gone shopping seems like that I went shopping and still shopping kind of.

But if we look at the rules, it says that

We use present perfect for actions in the past that have a result now.

So, I went shopping it is an action in the past, now I am here with all the shopping bags (result) and saying, I have gone shopping. Can I say like that? It feels somewhat wrong to me, I don't know.

After reading these grammar rules, I am pretty confused now. Before reading these things I didn't care about these things at all. I just say. Someone, please help me to clarify this?

Let's assume a situation. I went shopping and while coming back from shopping I meet someone and ask me where did you go? (again I don't know whether it is "where have you gone" or "where did you go?")

The question in this situation can be:

a. Where did you go?

b. Where were you? or Where have you been?

but it'd be weird to ask:

c. ??Where have you gone?

As for the answer:

What should I need to say? I went shopping or I have gone shopping.

Possible answers to questions a. and b. are d. and e., respectively:

d. I went to the mall.

e. I was at the mall. or I have been to the mall.

Note that these answers are generally interchangeable, so you could say d. to question b. or say e. to question a.

Also, you can use f. to answer either question a. or b.:

f. I went shopping.

But note that in this situation it'd be weird to say g. or h. as an answer to question a. or b.:

g. ??I have gone to the mall.

h. ??I have gone shopping.

The weirdness of c., g., or h. is not because of the grammar rule:

We use present perfect for actions in the past that have a result now.

but because 'I/You have gone...' means that 'I'm/You're not here', which can't be true in the given situation where both 'I' and 'you' are in conversation in person.

And as noted by comments, c., g., and/or h. may not be weird if 'I' and 'you' are in conversation but not in person.