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Here is a simple way to keep this stuff straight.

Power is always the product of an effort variable and a flow variable. In hydraulic systems, the effort variable is pressure and the flow variable is the flow rate.

For flow in open channels, the effort variable is typically very small (but not zero) and the flow variable is very large. BTW power exchange which occurs at low effort and large flow represents the low-impedance regime.

In your water example power cannot be equal to current because they have different units (power is an energy per unit time, while current would be something like a number of particles passing through a surface per unit time).

...the more water that flows per unit of time, the more energy gets delivered to the wheel per unit of time

What you have noticed here through your analogy is that power is proportional to current (as an example, the more force you apply to an object, the larger its acceleration, but this does not mean that force and acceleration are equal). In a circuit element this proportionality is the voltage, since it tells you how much energy is associated with a "unit of current". You would need a similar way to convert your water current to the power generated by that current (although this might be a simplistic model of how power is generated using a water wheel).

You also have to keep in mind that it is an analogy, and all analogies have imperfections. With the water analogy, power is generated by water actually pushing on a wheel. In circuits, $P=IV$ is much more general and applies to any charges undergoing a potential difference.

One of the challenges with using analogies like the water analogy is making sure you use the correct objects to draw your analogy from. Many answers here argue that hydraulic power depends on volume and pressure. This is true if your water wheel looks something like this:

This is a drawing of what a modern hydroelectric turbine looks like. They are designed to be able to efficiently draw power from large volumes of water with large pressure drops, such as the pressure drop from the bottom of a lake out to atmospheric pressure. In these cases, the water analogy works rather well, as expected.

However, when I think of a "water wheel," I have a different image. I imagine something much older:

These operate differently, and lead to the conclusion you drew, which is that water wheels generate power from current alone. The reason you end up drawing this conclusion is because this sort of water wheel wastes any power from pressure or velocity. The only potential it is effective at generating power from is the gravitational energy of the water from a high altitude to a low altitude. If you were to spray high pressure water at one of these water wheels, most of the energy would be wasted as the water splashes off of the blades. Some energy would indeed be transferred to the wheel, but it would be tremendously wasteful.

The water wheel is most efficient at handling cases where the vast majority of the energy of the water is stored up as gravitational potential energy -- energy from being up high. And it's best at converting water which is exactly at the height of the wheel. If you drop water down from high above the wheel it will turn, but most of the energy will be wasted in splashing and sloshing.

Thus we would treat this water wheel as a "constant voltage" device, in our electrical analogy. The setup around the wheel has the effect of guaranteeing that most of the potential of the water is its fixed height as it enters the wheel. Any energy above this is wasted as heat. And, indeed, if you look at the math, when your voltage is constant, your power is indeed proportional to the current. It's the special case where this is true.

We do indeed have devices that operate this way, but you have to enter the world of semiconductors to do so. Diodes are small semiconductor junctions used to make current flow only one way. Try to flow against it, and they're like a check valve that stops the water flow.

Well, almost like a check valve. They operate like a check valve up to a point, called the "breakdown voltage." If you put a voltage higher than this across the diode in the wrong direction, it starts to let current through. It will dissipate any energy that comes from running current across this voltage drop as heat.

So what the old fashioned water wheel is most like is a motor with a reverse-biased diode on it. Any potential of the water beyond the gravitational potential energy the wheel can handle is lost to splashing and sloshing. Any potential from higher voltages applied to the diode and motor circuit is lost to heat as the current flows through the diode. The remaining gravitational potential of the water multiplied by the volume of water sent through the wheel tells you how much mechanical power is generated by the water wheel. The voltage across that motor (after the diode limits it) multiplied by the current going through the motor is how much mechanical power the motor generates. The analogy holds, you just need a more complex circuit to model the 6000 year old device!

Incidentally, we do actually design circuits like this. In modern circuitry, we often have "zener diodes" which have a carefully tuned breakdown voltage to be a "voltage reference," and we have voltage regulators which are designed to resist the flow of electricity just enough to ensure a specific voltage across the remaining circuit.

Water and current flow as well as other “mechanical” analogies (pipe resistance vs. electrical resistance, voltage vs. pressure, etc.) are useful for introducing electrical circuit concepts at an elementary level. This is because mechanical concepts are easier to visualize whereas electrical concepts are more abstract. The analogies can only go so far without a deeper understanding.

Current does not equal electrical power and neither does water flow equal mechanical power.

Electrical current ($frac {Coul}{s}$) times (in phase) voltage ($frac {J}{Coul}$) equals power ($frac {J}{s}$ = watts).

Current flow ($frac {m^3}{s}$) times pressure ($frac {N}{m^2}$) equals power ($frac {J}{s}$ = watts).
The water pressure for the water wheel can come from water dropping from a height above the wheel (potential energy) or even from a hose directed horizontally, depending on the orientation of the water wheel.

To complete the analogy between current and water flow with respect to electrical an mechanical power, you need in addition the analogy between voltage (electrical potential) and pressure (mechanical potential).

Hope this helps.

The person who said that is wrong. Current doesn't push. Voltage or pressure pushes. Current is how much actually flows.

Useful power is the force of the push (voltage, pressure) multiplied by the current (amps, CFM).

Obviously with no push, you have no power. But with no flow, you also have no power.

In water generation, pressure also equates to height, called "head".

For instance, a PC power supply is a lot like run-of-river hydro -- not much pressure but lots of flow.

A very tall, but low-flow dam like Oroville is a lot like an LED light on a 240V line - lots of pressure, not much flow. Not much flow needed.

The analogy with water actually holds really nicely if you consider a water wheel, or other hydroelectric system.

But what you're missing is that the power produced does not only depend on the amount of water going past - it also depends on the speed at which it does so. (this makes sense for the hydro system because kinetic energy depends on velocity and mass)

To make the analogy better, rather than thinking of the speed of the flow, think about how far it has fallen to aquire that speed. At this point you have a volume per second of water - the current - and you have a loss of height, which is literally a potential difference.

I'd like to put what others said already into equations:

A river has mass flow rate $dot m$ (kg/s) (the "current"). The water flows with velocity $v$ (m/s). Power is the kinetic energy that is carried per unit time:

$$
dot W = frac{dot m v^2}{2}
$$
and notice that this has proper units of watt. If we take "voltage" to be $v^2/2$, then we get
$$
text{(power)} = text{(current)}timestext{(voltage)}
$$

Notice that the mass flow rate is not enough to give you high power. When the river is wide the velocity is low. If you want the water wheel to run fast you should build it at a narrow passage.

Variation

The river flows with fixed flow rate $dot m$, the width of the river is constant throughout, but the river is made to go over a waterfall that drops by distance $Delta h$. The velocity at the top of the waterfall is $v_1$ and the bottom $v_2$. By energy balance,
$$
frac{v_2^2-v_1^2}{2}=g Delta h
$$
The power that is available to us is
$$
dot W = dot m frac{v_2^2-v_1^2}{2}
$$
We have to subtract $v_1^2$ because the river must continue to flow with its steady velocity after it hits the wheel, or else we will flood. Combining with the energy balance:
$$
dot W = dot m g Delta h
$$
Here now we have a one-to-one analogy with electric current: $dot m$ is the current and $gDelta h$ is the voltage. Increase the voltage and the same current will produce more power.

Power is defined as work done per unit time. So a mass of water moving from one potential to some other lower potetial can do work when it hits the wheel. How much work per unit time? It depends how much mass falls times height times gravitational constant g and all of that divided by time. Water current, on the other hand is just total volume or mass that flows per unit time. Sure, it is connected to the work done or power but is not the same thing. If you define gravitational potential difference as gH and water flow as dm/dt then to have power you have to have curent times this potential difference: gHdm/dt...
In a conductor, work is done also and energy per unit charge or potential difference is given by U (voltage) and current by dQ/dt so it seems to me that everything is same...