Cfxtrjtrk

I have just started writing kernel modules. I am referring to this guide.

I wrote a simple Hello world program exactly as specified in the guide.

#include <linux/module.h>   /* Needed by all modules */

#include <linux/kernel.h>   /* Needed for KERN_INFO */



int init_module(void)

{

    printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world 1.n");



    /* 

     * A non 0 return means init_module failed; module can't be loaded. 

     */

    return 0;

}



void cleanup_module(void)

{

    printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye world 1.n");

}

I tried compiling it using the following makefile:

obj-m += hello-1.o



all:

    make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules



clean:

    make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean

I get the error:

error: code model kernel does not support PIC mode

I looked up on this forum and others and found the following

1. Somebody who was trying to build the Linux kernel and couldn't. Here
   


2. That lead me to this patch. But I don't know how to use it.


3. Then I tried with gcc-5 (just ot see what happens. It still doesn't work.


4. I basically went through all steps as this guy. I tried adding -fno-pie, then the other steps that guy follows.

$ uname -a

Linux cristopher 4.15.0-43-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 6 14:45:28 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

According to the bug link, this has been fixed in gcc. But i think it is not yet in the stable release that I am using.

I can think of multiple solutions to this problem.
1. Installing the patch from (2) above.
2. Using an old version of gcc where this is not an issue.
3. Usinng some more extra flags in the kernel makefile. (Not sure of this though.)

I don't know how to do any of the above things. Any help would be appreciated.

$ lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.

Distributor ID: Ubuntu

Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

Release:    18.04

Codename:   bionic

PS: I recently upgraded to 18.04 from 16.04. It was working fine previously.

Including the complete output of make all.

$ make all

make -C /lib/modules/4.15.0-43-generic/build M=/media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev modules

make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-43-generic'

  CC [M]  /media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev/hello-1.o

/media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev/hello-1.c:1:0: error: code model kernel does not support PIC mode

 #include <linux/module.h> /* Needed by all modules */

 ^

scripts/Makefile.build:339: recipe for target '/media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev/hello-1.o' failed

make[2]: *** [/media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev/hello-1.o] Error 1

Makefile:1551: recipe for target '_module_/media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev' failed

make[1]: *** [_module_/media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev] Error 2

make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-43-generic'

Makefile:7: recipe for target 'all' failed

make: *** [all] Error 2

Okay, I am not really sure how, or why, but the original error is not coming anymore.
But there is a new error:

In file included from ./include/linux/list.h:5:0,

                 from ./include/linux/module.h:9,

                 from /media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev/hello-1.c:1:

./include/linux/types.h:17:9: error: unknown type name ‘__kernel_ino_t’

 typedef __kernel_ino_t  ino_t;

         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~

./include/linux/types.h:18:9: error: unknown type name ‘__kernel_mode_t’

 typedef __kernel_mode_t  mode_t;

         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

./include/linux/types.h:21:9: error: unknown type name ‘__kernel_off_t’

 typedef __kernel_off_t  off_t;

         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~

etc, etc, etc....

It all seems to stem from this:

In file included from ./include/linux/list.h:9:0,

                 from ./include/linux/module.h:9,

                 from /media/parth/F/Parth/programs/dev/hello-1.c:1:

./include/linux/kernel.h:6:10: fatal error: stdarg.h: No such file or directory

 #include <stdarg.h>

          ^~~~~~~~~~

I tried removing the -fno-pie from the kernel build makefile in the following lines(around line 650) in my system. and got the original error message back.

KBUILD_CFLAGS   += $(call cc-option,-fno-PIE)

KBUILD_AFLAGS   += $(call cc-option,-fno-PIE)

Okay,
I updated my system, after the release files at this, this, and this links became valid. Seems that they have fixed the error. Or, is there a clause that you cannot upgrade to the latest packages once you perform a clean install of UBUNTU?

Either way, would still like to know more...