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I bought a new SSD for my laptop. I removed the disk reader and placed on its location with a caddy.
I cloned the important partitions to the SSD, as I want to have on it both Linux and Windows, and use the HDD only for file storage
Partitions now look like this:

root@debian:~# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disklabel type: gpt

Disk identifier: 17FA295B-41C2-477E-B44E-2947A139EDBA



Device         Start       End   Sectors   Size Type

/dev/sda1     534528 452483071 451948544 215.5G Microsoft basic data

/dev/sda2  452483072 976771071 524288000   250G Linux filesystem





Disk /dev/sdb: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x4c2a0f42



Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type

/dev/sdb1            2048 539492351 539490304 257.3G 83 Linux

/dev/sdb2       539492352 556277759  16785408     8G 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sdb3  *    556277760 557342719   1064960   520M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)

/dev/sdb4       557342720 976773167 419430448   200G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT





Disk /dev/sdc: 964 MiB, 1010827264 bytes, 1974272 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x7b87ce0f



Device     Boot Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type

/dev/sdc1  *      128 1970303 1970176  962M  e W95 FAT16 (LBA)





Disk /dev/loop0: 277.6 MiB, 291102720 bytes, 568560 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

root@debian:~# 

Disk sdc is a GPartEd Live USB

Partition sdb4 was cloned from sda1, and sdb1 is a clone from sda1. sdb3 was cloned from a partition from sda which I deleted.

On BIOS, I have two boot options: Windows & Debian (GRUB). When I pick Debian, grub rescue launches and when I type ls I get this output: (hd0) (hd0,gpt1) (hd0,gpt2) (hd1)

I assume SSD is hd1, but as you can see it sais there are no partitions, which is weird. I already tried executing these commands:

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt

sudo mount /dev/sdb3 /mnt/boot

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdb

But without any success. Booting the Windows option in BIOS results in a successful Windows boot, but it loads the sda1 partition and not the sdb4, which is the one I want to load