Not from cat itself but you can use something like source highlite or supercat or highlight

Source-highlight

This program, given a source file, produces a document with syntax highlighting. It also provides a C++ highlight library (new) (since version 3.0).

Source-highlight reads source language specifications dynamically, thus it can be easily extended (without recompiling the sources) for handling new languages. It also reads output format specifications dynamically, and thus it can be easily extended (without recompiling the sources) for handling new output formats. The syntax for these specifications is quite easy (take a look at the manual).

The manual about installation:

See the file INSTALL for detailed building and installation instructions; anyway if you're used to compiling Linux software that comes with sources you may simply follow the usual procedure, i.e., untar the file you downloaded in a directory and then:

 cd <source code main directory>

 ./configure

 make

 make install

Supercat

This is Supercat's homepage. Supercat is a program that colorizes text based on matching regular expressions/strings/characters. Supercat supports html output as well as standard ASCII text. Unlike some text-colorizing programs that exist, Supercat does not require you to have to be a programmer to make colorization rules.

If you have written a supercat config file for a standard file type please do not hesitate to contact me at "bug-spc (at) nosredna (dot) net" for possible inclusion in the supercat distribution.

• Here is an example page of Supercat's work on Gentoo's emerge.log




• Installation/source file (tar.gz)




• Example configuration file

Or with a function (source):

#!/bin/bash#!/bin/bash

if [ ! -t 0 ];then

        file=/dev/stdin

elif [ -f $1 ];then

        file=$1

else

        echo "Usage: $0 code.c"

        echo "or e.g. head code.c|$0"

        exit 1

fi

pygmentize -f terminal -g $file

Requires: Pygments (sudo apt-get install python-pygments python3-pygments)
Add it as a function to bash .functions and give it a name like color()

As from this answer here, you can use the python-pygments packages to highlight stuff. First do:

sudo apt-get install python-pygments python3-pygments

then:

pygmentize -g FILENAME

then have a go:

You can also set it as an alias, like in the answer I linked - basically, run this:

echo "alias catc='pygmentize -g'" >> ~/.bash_aliases 

chmod +x ~/.bash_aliases

Close the terminal, open it again, and the catc command should now work - if it does not, make sure these lines are in the .bashrc file, and are uncommented:

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then

. ~/.bash_aliases

fi

Another thing would be to just use nano:

nano testfile

man view or man vim

Basic usage: view <filename>

Quit: :q<Return> (add an <Esc> first if using vim), or ZZ (upper case z twice).

The programmer's text editor vim has all you need already, and is likely already part of your system.

vim has a read-only mode activated with view or vim -R. If all you want to do is view the marked-up file, it should be enough.

Simple to use, navigable, available everywhere. No need to mess about with installing new software or writing bash scripts.

One can check out ccat.

It adds syntax highlight to output files.

cat can not produce syntax highlighting solely. Still you can do this as follows, using python-pygments. First install it from terminal as,

sudo apt-get install python-pygments

Now copy the function below ~/.bashrc. It will give you what you want moreover it will preserve the properties of cat otherwise there is no point of using cat

catc(){

    cat "$@" > /tmp/.tmp

    pygmentize -g /tmp/.tmp

    rm /tmp/.tmp

}

Source ~/.bashrc as,

. ~/.bashrc

It will give colourized output,

catc <filename>

It will concatenate with color as well,

catc <file1> <file2> ... <filen>

Other answers cover why cat is not able to do it. Though you can do it with less using
lesspipe.sh.

Bat — A cat clone with wings

You might also want to check out bat which has the following features:

• Syntax highlighting


• Git integration


• Optionally showing non-printable characters


• Automatic paging with less
  


• File concatenation as a drop-in replacement for cat when redirected

 Preview

Picture taken from the official GitHub

Installation

You can get the latest Debian package here and install it with:

sudo dpkg -i bat_0.10.0_amd64.deb

Adapting the version number and architecture.