Meaning of nominal sentence











up vote
0
down vote

favorite












I have some trouble with the last sentence of this paragraph from Huxley's "The Struggle for Existence in Human Society" (1888) (https://archive.org/details/a588314000huxluoft/page/n223):




The history of civilization–that is, of society–on the other hand, is
the record of the attempts which the human race has made to escape
from this position. The first men who substituted the state of mutual
peace for that of mutual war, whatever the motive which impelled them
to take that step, created society. But, in establishing peace, they
obviously put a limit upon the struggle for existence. Between the
members of that society, at any rate, it was not to be pursued à
outrance
. And of all the successive shapes which society has taken,
that most nearly approaches perfection in which the war of individual
against individual is most strictly limited.




Does this translate into more modern/simpler English to the following?




And of all the successive shapes which society has taken,
[the shape] that most nearly approaches perfection [is the one]
in which the war of individual
against individual is most strictly limited.




What troubles me is that the verb be seems to be omitted. Was that acceptable in 19th century English? I am only familiar with this in other languages (say Russian or Latin).
Or am I misunderstanding this sentence?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




















  • It could also be "that which most nearly approaches...". But agree with you about the missing verb phrase.
    – Barmar
    3 hours ago










  • I believe your translation is more or less correct. It's written in a starchy style that many English philosophers preferred back then, but which often leads to ambiguity or simply confusion when read by a modern reader.
    – Hot Licks
    1 hour ago















up vote
0
down vote

favorite












I have some trouble with the last sentence of this paragraph from Huxley's "The Struggle for Existence in Human Society" (1888) (https://archive.org/details/a588314000huxluoft/page/n223):




The history of civilization–that is, of society–on the other hand, is
the record of the attempts which the human race has made to escape
from this position. The first men who substituted the state of mutual
peace for that of mutual war, whatever the motive which impelled them
to take that step, created society. But, in establishing peace, they
obviously put a limit upon the struggle for existence. Between the
members of that society, at any rate, it was not to be pursued à
outrance
. And of all the successive shapes which society has taken,
that most nearly approaches perfection in which the war of individual
against individual is most strictly limited.




Does this translate into more modern/simpler English to the following?




And of all the successive shapes which society has taken,
[the shape] that most nearly approaches perfection [is the one]
in which the war of individual
against individual is most strictly limited.




What troubles me is that the verb be seems to be omitted. Was that acceptable in 19th century English? I am only familiar with this in other languages (say Russian or Latin).
Or am I misunderstanding this sentence?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




















  • It could also be "that which most nearly approaches...". But agree with you about the missing verb phrase.
    – Barmar
    3 hours ago










  • I believe your translation is more or less correct. It's written in a starchy style that many English philosophers preferred back then, but which often leads to ambiguity or simply confusion when read by a modern reader.
    – Hot Licks
    1 hour ago













up vote
0
down vote

favorite









up vote
0
down vote

favorite











I have some trouble with the last sentence of this paragraph from Huxley's "The Struggle for Existence in Human Society" (1888) (https://archive.org/details/a588314000huxluoft/page/n223):




The history of civilization–that is, of society–on the other hand, is
the record of the attempts which the human race has made to escape
from this position. The first men who substituted the state of mutual
peace for that of mutual war, whatever the motive which impelled them
to take that step, created society. But, in establishing peace, they
obviously put a limit upon the struggle for existence. Between the
members of that society, at any rate, it was not to be pursued à
outrance
. And of all the successive shapes which society has taken,
that most nearly approaches perfection in which the war of individual
against individual is most strictly limited.




Does this translate into more modern/simpler English to the following?




And of all the successive shapes which society has taken,
[the shape] that most nearly approaches perfection [is the one]
in which the war of individual
against individual is most strictly limited.




What troubles me is that the verb be seems to be omitted. Was that acceptable in 19th century English? I am only familiar with this in other languages (say Russian or Latin).
Or am I misunderstanding this sentence?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











I have some trouble with the last sentence of this paragraph from Huxley's "The Struggle for Existence in Human Society" (1888) (https://archive.org/details/a588314000huxluoft/page/n223):




The history of civilization–that is, of society–on the other hand, is
the record of the attempts which the human race has made to escape
from this position. The first men who substituted the state of mutual
peace for that of mutual war, whatever the motive which impelled them
to take that step, created society. But, in establishing peace, they
obviously put a limit upon the struggle for existence. Between the
members of that society, at any rate, it was not to be pursued à
outrance
. And of all the successive shapes which society has taken,
that most nearly approaches perfection in which the war of individual
against individual is most strictly limited.




Does this translate into more modern/simpler English to the following?




And of all the successive shapes which society has taken,
[the shape] that most nearly approaches perfection [is the one]
in which the war of individual
against individual is most strictly limited.




What troubles me is that the verb be seems to be omitted. Was that acceptable in 19th century English? I am only familiar with this in other languages (say Russian or Latin).
Or am I misunderstanding this sentence?







meaning grammar meaning-in-context zero-copula






share|improve this question









New contributor




Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|improve this question









New contributor




Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 1 hour ago





















New contributor




Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









asked 3 hours ago









Cimbali

1012




1012




New contributor




Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





New contributor





Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Cimbali is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












  • It could also be "that which most nearly approaches...". But agree with you about the missing verb phrase.
    – Barmar
    3 hours ago










  • I believe your translation is more or less correct. It's written in a starchy style that many English philosophers preferred back then, but which often leads to ambiguity or simply confusion when read by a modern reader.
    – Hot Licks
    1 hour ago


















  • It could also be "that which most nearly approaches...". But agree with you about the missing verb phrase.
    – Barmar
    3 hours ago










  • I believe your translation is more or less correct. It's written in a starchy style that many English philosophers preferred back then, but which often leads to ambiguity or simply confusion when read by a modern reader.
    – Hot Licks
    1 hour ago
















It could also be "that which most nearly approaches...". But agree with you about the missing verb phrase.
– Barmar
3 hours ago




It could also be "that which most nearly approaches...". But agree with you about the missing verb phrase.
– Barmar
3 hours ago












I believe your translation is more or less correct. It's written in a starchy style that many English philosophers preferred back then, but which often leads to ambiguity or simply confusion when read by a modern reader.
– Hot Licks
1 hour ago




I believe your translation is more or less correct. It's written in a starchy style that many English philosophers preferred back then, but which often leads to ambiguity or simply confusion when read by a modern reader.
– Hot Licks
1 hour ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
0
down vote













The primary verb in this sentence is "approaches". To see that, let's start paring off the extraneous bits.



Instead of "And of all the successive shapes which society has taken," let's just say "of all shapes".



Instead of "in which the war of individual against individual is most strictly limited," let's just say "in which war is limited".



The sentence now reads as "Of all shapes, that most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Since the first "that" translates to "that shape out of all shapes", we can rewrite this as "That shape most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Even more simply, we can say "That shape in which war is limited most nearly approaches perfection."



Ergo, "that shape" is the subject of the sentence, and "approaches" is the main verb.






share|improve this answer





















    Your Answer








    StackExchange.ready(function() {
    var channelOptions = {
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "97"
    };
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
    createEditor();
    });
    }
    else {
    createEditor();
    }
    });

    function createEditor() {
    StackExchange.prepareEditor({
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    convertImagesToLinks: false,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: null,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader: {
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    },
    noCode: true, onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    });


    }
    });






    Cimbali is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










    draft saved

    draft discarded


















    StackExchange.ready(
    function () {
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fenglish.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f476906%2fmeaning-of-nominal-sentence%23new-answer', 'question_page');
    }
    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    1 Answer
    1






    active

    oldest

    votes








    1 Answer
    1






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes








    up vote
    0
    down vote













    The primary verb in this sentence is "approaches". To see that, let's start paring off the extraneous bits.



    Instead of "And of all the successive shapes which society has taken," let's just say "of all shapes".



    Instead of "in which the war of individual against individual is most strictly limited," let's just say "in which war is limited".



    The sentence now reads as "Of all shapes, that most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Since the first "that" translates to "that shape out of all shapes", we can rewrite this as "That shape most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Even more simply, we can say "That shape in which war is limited most nearly approaches perfection."



    Ergo, "that shape" is the subject of the sentence, and "approaches" is the main verb.






    share|improve this answer

























      up vote
      0
      down vote













      The primary verb in this sentence is "approaches". To see that, let's start paring off the extraneous bits.



      Instead of "And of all the successive shapes which society has taken," let's just say "of all shapes".



      Instead of "in which the war of individual against individual is most strictly limited," let's just say "in which war is limited".



      The sentence now reads as "Of all shapes, that most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Since the first "that" translates to "that shape out of all shapes", we can rewrite this as "That shape most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Even more simply, we can say "That shape in which war is limited most nearly approaches perfection."



      Ergo, "that shape" is the subject of the sentence, and "approaches" is the main verb.






      share|improve this answer























        up vote
        0
        down vote










        up vote
        0
        down vote









        The primary verb in this sentence is "approaches". To see that, let's start paring off the extraneous bits.



        Instead of "And of all the successive shapes which society has taken," let's just say "of all shapes".



        Instead of "in which the war of individual against individual is most strictly limited," let's just say "in which war is limited".



        The sentence now reads as "Of all shapes, that most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Since the first "that" translates to "that shape out of all shapes", we can rewrite this as "That shape most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Even more simply, we can say "That shape in which war is limited most nearly approaches perfection."



        Ergo, "that shape" is the subject of the sentence, and "approaches" is the main verb.






        share|improve this answer












        The primary verb in this sentence is "approaches". To see that, let's start paring off the extraneous bits.



        Instead of "And of all the successive shapes which society has taken," let's just say "of all shapes".



        Instead of "in which the war of individual against individual is most strictly limited," let's just say "in which war is limited".



        The sentence now reads as "Of all shapes, that most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Since the first "that" translates to "that shape out of all shapes", we can rewrite this as "That shape most nearly approaches perfection in which war is limited." Even more simply, we can say "That shape in which war is limited most nearly approaches perfection."



        Ergo, "that shape" is the subject of the sentence, and "approaches" is the main verb.







        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered 1 hour ago









        Allen R. Brady

        51724




        51724






















            Cimbali is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










            draft saved

            draft discarded


















            Cimbali is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.













            Cimbali is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.












            Cimbali is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
















            Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid



            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.





            Some of your past answers have not been well-received, and you're in danger of being blocked from answering.


            Please pay close attention to the following guidance:


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid



            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function () {
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fenglish.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f476906%2fmeaning-of-nominal-sentence%23new-answer', 'question_page');
            }
            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown







            Popular posts from this blog

            數位音樂下載

            格利澤436b

            When can things happen in Etherscan, such as the picture below?