线形文字B
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| 線形文字B | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 类型 | 音節文字帶有額外的表意符號 |
| 语言 | 邁錫尼希臘語 |
| 使用时期 | 青銅時代晚期 |
| 状态 | 滅亡 |
| 母书写系统 | 線形文字A
|
| 姊妹书写系统 | 塞浦路斯-米諾斯音節文字 |
| ISO 15924 | Linb、401 |
| 书写方向 | 从左到右 |
| Unicode范围 | U+10000–U+1007F 音節符號 U+10080–U+100FF 表意符號 |
注意：本页可能包含Unicode的国际音标。 | |
线形文字B是希腊迈锡尼文明时期的一种音节文字。线形文字B出现于青铜时代晚期，早于希腊字母（约公元前15世纪）数个世纪，随着迈锡尼文明的衰落而消逝。写有线形文字B的泥板大部分发现于克诺索斯、科多尼亚、皮洛斯、底比斯、迈锡尼等地。后继的希腊黑暗时代，目前尚未发现线形文字B的实物。
1952年，迈克尔·文特里斯成功释读线形文字B。线形文字B主要在克里特岛和希腊本土南部地区使用，时间大约为西元前1500年-西元前1200年。 线形文字B似乎与更早的线形文字A有某种联系。
目录
1 文字
1.1 音節符號
1.2 特殊和未知符號
1.3 表意符号
1.4 线形文字B的Unicode编码
2 參見
3 註釋
4 參考文獻
5 外部連結
文字
音節符號
| 已经释读的文字符号(元音、辅音+元音) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -a | -e | -i | -o | -u | ||||||
𐀀  | a
| 𐀁  | e
| 𐀂  | i
| 𐀃  | o
| 𐀄  | u
| |
| d- | 𐀅  | da
| 𐀆  | de
| 𐀇  | di
| 𐀈  | do
| 𐀉  | du
|
| j- | 𐀊  | ja
| 𐀋  | je
| 𐀍  | jo
| ||||
| k- | 𐀏  | ka
| 𐀐  | ke
| 𐀑  | ki
| 𐀒  | ko
| 𐀓  | ku
|
| m- | 𐀔  | ma
| 𐀕  | me
| 𐀖  | mi
| 𐀗  | mo
| 𐀘  | mu
|
| n- | 𐀙  | na
| 𐀚  | ne
| 𐀛  | ni
| 𐀜  | no
| 𐀝  | nu
|
| p- | 𐀞  | pa
| 𐀟  | pe
| 𐀠  | pi
| 𐀡  | po
| 𐀢  | pu
|
| q- | 𐀣  | qa
| 𐀤  | qe
| 𐀥  | qi
| 𐀦  | qo
| ||
| r- | 𐀨  | ra
| 𐀩  | re
| 𐀪  | ri
| 𐀫  | ro
| 𐀬  | ru
|
| s- | 𐀭  | sa
| 𐀮  | se
| 𐀯  | si
| 𐀰  | so
| 𐀱  | su
|
| t- | 𐀲  | ta
| 𐀳  | te
| 𐀴  | ti
| 𐀵  | to
| 𐀶  | tu
|
| w- | 𐀷  | wa
| 𐀸  | we
| 𐀹  | wi
| 𐀺  | wo
| ||
| z- | 𐀼  | za
| 𐀽  | ze
| 𐀿  | zo
| ||||
特殊和未知符號
| 特殊音值 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 字符 | 𐁀  | 𐁁  | 𐁂  | 𐁃  | 𐁄  | 𐁅  | 𐁇  | 𐁆  | 𐁈  | 𐁉  | 𐁊  | 𐁋  | 𐁌  | 𐁍  | |||||||||||||||
| 轉寫 | a2 (ha) | a3 (ai) | au | dwe | dwo | nwa | pte | pu2 (phu) | ra2 (rya) | ra3 (rai) | ro2 (ryo) | ta2 (tya) | twe | two | |||||||||||||||
| Bennett編碼 | *25 | *43 | *85 | *71 | *90 | *48 | *62 | *29 | *76 | *33 | *68 | *66 | *87 | *91 | |||||||||||||||
| 未轉寫和未確定的音值 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 字符 | 𐁐  | 𐁑  | 𐁒  | 𐁓  | 𐁔  | 𐁕  | 𐁖  | 𐁗  | 𐁘  | 𐀎  | 𐁙  | 𐁚  | 𐁛  | 𐁜  | 𐁝  | ||||||||||||||
| 轉寫 | *18 | *19 | *22 | *34 | *35 | *47 | *49 | pa3? | *63 | swi? | ju? | zu? | swa? | *83 | *86 | *89 | |||||||||||||
| Bennett編碼 | *18 | *19 | *22 | *34 | *35 | *47 | *49 | *56 | *63 | *64 | *65 | *79 | *82 | *83 | *86 | *89 | |||||||||||||
表意符号
| 字符 | 编码 | 贝内特编码 | CIPEM | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
人和動物 | ||||
 | U+10080 | 100[1] A- | VIR vir | 人 |
 | U+10081 | 102 A- | MUL mulier | 女人 |
 | U+10082 | 104 Cn | CERV cervus | 鹿 |
| 𐂃 | U+10083 | 105 Ca S- | EQU equus | 马 |
| 𐂄 | U+10084 | 105 Ca | EQUf | 母马[2] |
| 𐂅 | U+10085 | 105 Ca | EQUm | 公马 |
| 𐀥 | U+10025 | 106 QI *21 | OVIS ovis | 羊 |
| 𐀥 | WE *75 | we-ka-ta Bous ergatēs | "Adjunct to ox" (1973)[3] | |
| 𐂆 | U+10086 | 106b C- D- | 母羊f | EWE |
| 𐂇 | U+10087 | 106a C- D- | 绵羊m | RAM |
| 𐁒 | U+10052 | 107 RA *22 | CAP capra | 山羊 |
| 𐂈 | U+10088 | 107b C- Mc | CAPf | 母山羊 |
| 𐂉 | U+10089 | 107a C- | CAPm | 公山羊 |
| 𐁂 | U+10042 | 108 AU *85 C- | SUS sūs | 猪 |
| 𐂊 | U+1008A | 108b C- | SUSf | 母猪 |
| 𐂋 | U+1008B | 108a C- | SUSm | 公猪 |
| 𐀘 | U+10018 | 109 MU *23 C- | BOS bōs | 牛 |
| 𐂌 | U+1008C | 109b C- | BOSf | 奶牛 |
| 𐂍 | U+1008D | 109a C- | BOSm | 公牛 |
度量單位 | ||||
| 110 | Z kotylai | 体积单位 杯[4] | ||
| 111 | V khoinikes | 体积单位 | ||
| 112 | T | 干量 | ||
| 113 | S | 液量单位 | ||
| 114 | 重量 | |||
| *21 | 重量 | |||
| *2 | 重量 | |||
| 115 | P | 重量 | ||
| 116 | N | 重量 | ||
| 117 | M dimnaion[5] | 重量 | ||
| 118 | L talanton | TALENT | ||
| *72 G- | Bunch? | |||
| *74 S- | 双 | |||
| *15 S- | 单个 | |||
| *61 | Deficit | |||
按乾物測量 | ||||
| 𐂎 | U+1008E | 120 E- F- | GRA grānum | 小麦 |
| 𐂏 | U+1008F | 121 F- | HORD hordeum | 大麦 |
| 𐂐 | U+10090 | 122 F- U- | OLIV olīva | 橄榄 |
| 𐀛 | U+1001B | NI *30 F | FICUS | 无花果 |
| 𐀎 | U+1000E | *65 | FARINA | 面粉 "某种谷物"[6] |
| 𐂑 | U+10091 | 123 G- Un | AROM arōma | 佐料 |
| KO *70 G- | 芫荽 | |||
| 𐀭 | U+1002D | SA *31 G- | 芝麻 | |
| KU *81 G- | 孜然芹 | |||
| SE *9 G- | 芹菜 | |||
| MA *80 G- | 茴香 | |||
| 124 G- | PYC | 莎草 | ||
| 𐂒 | U+10092 | 125 F- | CYP | 莎草? |
| 126 F- | CYP+KU | 莎草+ku | ||
| 𐂓 | U+10093 | 127 Un | KAPO | 水果? |
| 𐂔 | U+10094 | 128 G- | KANAKO | 红花 |
按液體測量 | ||||
按重量 | ||||
按重量或按單位 | ||||
按單位計數 | ||||
容器[7] | ||||
| 𐃟 | U+100DF | 200 | sartāgo | 蒸煮锅 |
| 𐃠 | U+100E0 | 201 | TRI tripūs | 三足大锅 |
| 𐃡 | U+100E1 | 202 | pōculum | GOBLET? |
| 𐃢 | U+100E2 | 203 | urceus | 酒罐? |
| 𐃣 | U+100E3 | 204 Ta | hirnea | 大口水壶 |
| 𐃤 | U+100E4 | 205 K Tn | hirnula | 水壶 |
| 𐃥 | U+100E5 | 206 | HYD hydria | 提水罐 |
| 𐃦 | U+100E6 | 207 | 三足双耳瓶 | |
| 𐃧 | U+100E7 | 208 | PAT patera | 碗 |
| 𐃨 | U+100E8 | 209 | AMPH amphora | 双耳瓶 |
| 𐃩 | U+100E9 | 210 | STIRRIP JAR | |
| 𐃪 | U+100EA | 211 | 水箱? | |
| 𐃫 | U+100EB | 212 | SIT situla | 水罐? |
| 𐃬 | U+100EC | 213 | LANX lanx | 烹饪碗 |
家具 | ||||
| 𐃄 | U+100C4 | 220 Ta | scamnum | 脚凳 |
| 𐃅 | U+100C5 | 225 | ALV alveus | |
武器 | ||||
| 𐃆 | U+100C6 | 230 R | HAS hasta | 矛 |
| 𐃇 | U+100C7 | 231 R | SAG sagitta | 箭 |
| 𐃈 | U+100C8 | 232 Ta | *232 | ? |
| 𐃉 | U+100C9 | 233 Ra | 短剑 | |
| 𐃊 | U+100CA | 234 | GLA gladius | 弓 |
車輛 | ||||
| 𐃌 | U+100CC | 240 Sc | BIG biga | 轮式车 |
| 𐃍 | U+100CD | 241 Sd Se | CUR currus | 无轮车 |
| 𐃎 | U+100CE | 242 Sf Sg | CAPS capsus | 轮式车车架 |
| 𐃏 | U+100CF | 243 Sa So | ROTA rota | 车轮 |
线形文字B的Unicode编码
Unicode4.0之后的为线形文字B提供了编码码位，其中音节符号码位为10000–1007F，表意符号码位为10080–100FF。
線形文字B音節符號 Unicode.org chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1000x | 𐀀 | 𐀁 | 𐀂 | 𐀃 | 𐀄 | 𐀅 | 𐀆 | 𐀇 | 𐀈 | 𐀉 | 𐀊 | 𐀋 | 𐀍 | 𐀎 | 𐀏 | |
| U+1001x | 𐀐 | 𐀑 | 𐀒 | 𐀓 | 𐀔 | 𐀕 | 𐀖 | 𐀗 | 𐀘 | 𐀙 | 𐀚 | 𐀛 | 𐀜 | 𐀝 | 𐀞 | 𐀟 |
| U+1002x | 𐀠 | 𐀡 | 𐀢 | 𐀣 | 𐀤 | 𐀥 | 𐀦 | | 𐀨 | 𐀩 | 𐀪 | 𐀫 | 𐀬 | 𐀭 | 𐀮 | 𐀯 |
| U+1003x | 𐀰 | 𐀱 | 𐀲 | 𐀳 | 𐀴 | 𐀵 | 𐀶 | 𐀷 | 𐀸 | 𐀹 | 𐀺 | 𐀼 | 𐀽 | 𐀿 | ||
| U+1004x | 𐁀 | 𐁁 | 𐁂 | 𐁃 | 𐁄 | 𐁅 | 𐁆 | 𐁇 | 𐁈 | 𐁉 | 𐁊 | 𐁋 | 𐁌 | 𐁍 | | |
| U+1005x | 𐁐 | 𐁑 | 𐁒 | 𐁓 | 𐁔 | 𐁕 | 𐁖 | 𐁗 | 𐁘 | 𐁙 | 𐁚 | 𐁛 | 𐁜 | 𐁝 | | |
| U+1006x | | | ||||||||||||||
| U+1007x | | | ||||||||||||||
線形文字B表意符號 Unicode.org chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1008x | 𐂀 | 𐂁 | 𐂂 | 𐂃 | 𐂄 | 𐂅 | 𐂆 | 𐂇 | 𐂈 | 𐂉 | 𐂊 | 𐂋 | 𐂌 | 𐂍 | 𐂎 | 𐂏 |
| U+1009x | 𐂐 | 𐂑 | 𐂒 | 𐂓 | 𐂔 | 𐂕 | 𐂖 | 𐂗 | 𐂘 | 𐂙 | 𐂚 | 𐂛 | 𐂜 | 𐂝 | 𐂞 | 𐂟 |
| U+100Ax | 𐂠 | 𐂡 | 𐂢 | 𐂣 | 𐂤 | 𐂥 | 𐂦 | 𐂧 | 𐂨 | 𐂩 | 𐂪 | 𐂫 | 𐂬 | 𐂭 | 𐂮 | 𐂯 |
| U+100Bx | 𐂰 | 𐂱 | 𐂲 | 𐂳 | 𐂴 | 𐂵 | 𐂶 | 𐂷 | 𐂸 | 𐂹 | 𐂺 | 𐂻 | 𐂼 | 𐂽 | 𐂾 | 𐂿 |
| U+100Cx | 𐃀 | 𐃁 | 𐃂 | 𐃃 | 𐃄 | 𐃅 | 𐃆 | 𐃇 | 𐃈 | 𐃉 | 𐃊 | 𐃋 | 𐃌 | 𐃍 | 𐃎 | 𐃏 |
| U+100Dx | 𐃐 | 𐃑 | 𐃒 | 𐃓 | 𐃔 | 𐃕 | 𐃖 | 𐃗 | 𐃘 | 𐃙 | 𐃚 | 𐃛 | 𐃜 | 𐃝 | 𐃞 | 𐃟 |
| U+100Ex | 𐃠 | 𐃡 | 𐃢 | 𐃣 | 𐃤 | 𐃥 | 𐃦 | 𐃧 | 𐃨 | 𐃩 | 𐃪 | 𐃫 | 𐃬 | 𐃭 | 𐃮 | 𐃯 |
| U+100Fx | 𐃰 | 𐃱 | 𐃲 | 𐃳 | 𐃴 | 𐃵 | 𐃶 | 𐃷 | 𐃸 | 𐃹 | 𐃺 | | ||||
參見
- 线形文字A
- 塞浦路斯音節文字
註釋
^ Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 391: "100 MAN is now used for all forms of the ideogram, so that 101 and 103 are now suppressed."
^ Ventris & Chadwick either edition do not follow the Wingspread Convention here but have 105a as a HE-ASS and 105c as a FOAL.
^ The 1956 edition has "Kind of sheep"
^ Chadwick (1976) page 105.
^ "Double mina", Chadwick (1976) page 102.
^ Ventris & Chadwick (1973) page 392.
^ Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 324 has a separate table.
參考文獻
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- Carpenter, Rhys, (1957) "Linear B", Phoenix, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Summer, 1957), pp. 47–62
Chadwick, John. The Decipherment of Linear B. Second edition (1990). Cambridge UP. 1958. ISBN 0-521-39830-4.
Chadwick, John. The Mycenaean World. Cambridge UP. 1976. ISBN 0-521-29037-6.
Chadwick, John. Linear B and Related Scripts; "Reading the Past". Third impression (1997). University of California Press/British Museum. 1987. ISBN 0-520-06019-9. has the Enkomi clay tablet, circa 1500 BCE., examples of Linear B tablets, and translated, the basic Linear B syllabary, the Cypriot syllabary and discussions thereof, and short sections on Linear A, and the Phaistos Disk.
Fox, Margalit. The Riddle of the Labyrinth: The Quest to Crack an Ancient Code. Ecco. 2013. ISBN 978-0062228833.
Levin, Saul. The Linear B Decipherment Controversy Re-examined. State University of New York Press. 1964. OCLC 288842.
McDorman, Richard E. Language and the Ancient Greeks and On the Decipherment of Linear B (A Pair of Essays). 2010. ISBN 978-0-9839112-3-4.
Palaima, Thomas G., "Unlocking the Secrets of Ancient Writing: The Parallel Lives of Michael Ventris and Linda Schele and the Decipherment of Mycenaean and Mayan Writing", University of Texas at Austin, Eleventh International Mycenological Colloquium, 2000.
Robinson, Andrew. The Story of Writing. Paperback edition (1999). Thames and Hudson. 1995. ISBN 0-500-28156-4. Chapter 6, Linear B, pp 108–119: discusses Arthur Evans, his work, the Cypriot clues, the syllabary, Alice Kober, the "Grid", and a sample tablet transliterated, and translated into English.
- Robinson, Andrew The Man Who Deciphered Linear B: the story of Michael Ventris (2002) Thames & Hudson ISBN 0500510776
Singh, Simon. The Code Book. Anchor. 2000. ISBN 0-385-49532-3. for a general outline of the Linear B deciphering story, from Schliemann to Chadwick.
Ventris, Michael. Work notes on Minoan language research and other unedited papers. Edizioni dell'Ateneo 1988 Roma. 1988.
Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John. Documents in Mycenaean Greek Second. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1973. ISBN 0-521-08558-6.
- Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1953) "Evidence for Greek Dialect in the Mycenaean Archives", The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 73, (1953), pp. 84–103.
外部連結
 | 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：线形文字B |
 | 查询維基詞典中的Category:Mycenaean Greek nouns。 |
Ager, Simon. Linear B. Omniglot. 1998–2009 [2009-01-06].
Clark, Curtis. TrueType Fonts: Ancient alphabets and mythic symbols: Linear B. Curtis Clark. 1992–1998.
Gavalas, Markos. MYCENAEAN (Linear B) - ENGLISH Dictionary (PDF). explorecrete.com. [2009-01-11].
开放式目录计划中和线形文字B相关的内容
Lo, Lawrence. Linear B. AncientScripts.com. 1996–2005 [2009-01-05].
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