Genitives like “axeos”
I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.
When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
asked 12 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
add a comment |
I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.
When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
asked 12 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
add a comment |
I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.
When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
asked 12 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.
When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
asked 12 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
asked 12 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
edited 9 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta
asked 12 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
asked 12 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
asked 12 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
47.8k1166276
add a comment |
add a comment |
1 Answer
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For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 11 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22172
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For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 11 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22172
add a comment |
For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 11 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22172
add a comment |
For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 11 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22172
For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 11 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22172
answered 11 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22172
answered 11 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22172
answered 11 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22172
16.6k22172
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