Walking in a rotating spacecraft and Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
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I am wondering how Newton's 3rd Law of Motion would apply in the case of a man walking the length of a rotating spacecraft.
Please reference the drawing below.
Say that there was a spacecraft sitting still in interstellar space, far away from any stars and planets. The spacecraft then starts to rotate via an electric motor until it reaches a rotating speed that will mimic Earth's gravity for a man inside the spacecraft. The man walks from one end of the spacecraft to the other end. While he is walking, will the spacecraft remain stationary or will the spacecraft move in the opposite direction, thus obeying Newton's 3rd Law of Motion, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Also, if the spacecraft is set in motion by the man's walking, will the spacecraft remain in motion and travel in that direction indefinitely?
EDIT
If the length of this spacecraft is extended out to 1 km long and the man is walking at 3km/hour, at this rate it will take him 20 minutes to walk from one end to the other. Now since he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes, the spacecraft should be moving at a good rate of speed (based on the fact that the spacecraft is constantly accelerating while he is walking).
When he reaches the other end and comes to a stop, will his body mass coming to a stop transfer enough kinetic energy back to the spacecraft to bring the spacecraft to a stop?
orbital-mechanics spacecraft physics
asked 12 hours ago
HRIATEXPHRIATEXP
405
$endgroup$
|
show 2 more comments
$begingroup$
I am wondering how Newton's 3rd Law of Motion would apply in the case of a man walking the length of a rotating spacecraft.
Please reference the drawing below.
Say that there was a spacecraft sitting still in interstellar space, far away from any stars and planets. The spacecraft then starts to rotate via an electric motor until it reaches a rotating speed that will mimic Earth's gravity for a man inside the spacecraft. The man walks from one end of the spacecraft to the other end. While he is walking, will the spacecraft remain stationary or will the spacecraft move in the opposite direction, thus obeying Newton's 3rd Law of Motion, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Also, if the spacecraft is set in motion by the man's walking, will the spacecraft remain in motion and travel in that direction indefinitely?
EDIT
If the length of this spacecraft is extended out to 1 km long and the man is walking at 3km/hour, at this rate it will take him 20 minutes to walk from one end to the other. Now since he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes, the spacecraft should be moving at a good rate of speed (based on the fact that the spacecraft is constantly accelerating while he is walking).
When he reaches the other end and comes to a stop, will his body mass coming to a stop transfer enough kinetic energy back to the spacecraft to bring the spacecraft to a stop?
orbital-mechanics spacecraft physics
asked 12 hours ago
HRIATEXPHRIATEXP
405
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
The system isn't balanced, I wonder if it will start to wobble and precess as much as it will move laterally, causing the person to become nauseous and run back to the corner.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
12 hours ago
1
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@HRIATEXP ah, but which will rotate, the motor or the spacecraft??
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– Organic Marble
11 hours ago
1
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As the man takes his first step, the craft will begin to move in the opposite direction. As he takes each step the craft will continue to move. When he takes his last step, or crashes into the end will, both he and the craft will return to rest. Given the motor (And counterweight) is massive enough to spin the man and craft without issues, the amount it will move is slight.
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– JCRM
11 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@OrganicMarble, that's a good point. I suppose that the spacecraft could be rotated with roll thrusters instead of an electric motor.
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– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@uhoh, I can see that may happen, he may need to take Dramamine before he starts.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
|
show 2 more comments
$begingroup$
I am wondering how Newton's 3rd Law of Motion would apply in the case of a man walking the length of a rotating spacecraft.
Please reference the drawing below.
Say that there was a spacecraft sitting still in interstellar space, far away from any stars and planets. The spacecraft then starts to rotate via an electric motor until it reaches a rotating speed that will mimic Earth's gravity for a man inside the spacecraft. The man walks from one end of the spacecraft to the other end. While he is walking, will the spacecraft remain stationary or will the spacecraft move in the opposite direction, thus obeying Newton's 3rd Law of Motion, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Also, if the spacecraft is set in motion by the man's walking, will the spacecraft remain in motion and travel in that direction indefinitely?
EDIT
If the length of this spacecraft is extended out to 1 km long and the man is walking at 3km/hour, at this rate it will take him 20 minutes to walk from one end to the other. Now since he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes, the spacecraft should be moving at a good rate of speed (based on the fact that the spacecraft is constantly accelerating while he is walking).
When he reaches the other end and comes to a stop, will his body mass coming to a stop transfer enough kinetic energy back to the spacecraft to bring the spacecraft to a stop?
orbital-mechanics spacecraft physics
asked 12 hours ago
HRIATEXPHRIATEXP
405
$endgroup$
I am wondering how Newton's 3rd Law of Motion would apply in the case of a man walking the length of a rotating spacecraft.
Please reference the drawing below.
Say that there was a spacecraft sitting still in interstellar space, far away from any stars and planets. The spacecraft then starts to rotate via an electric motor until it reaches a rotating speed that will mimic Earth's gravity for a man inside the spacecraft. The man walks from one end of the spacecraft to the other end. While he is walking, will the spacecraft remain stationary or will the spacecraft move in the opposite direction, thus obeying Newton's 3rd Law of Motion, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Also, if the spacecraft is set in motion by the man's walking, will the spacecraft remain in motion and travel in that direction indefinitely?
EDIT
If the length of this spacecraft is extended out to 1 km long and the man is walking at 3km/hour, at this rate it will take him 20 minutes to walk from one end to the other. Now since he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes, the spacecraft should be moving at a good rate of speed (based on the fact that the spacecraft is constantly accelerating while he is walking).
When he reaches the other end and comes to a stop, will his body mass coming to a stop transfer enough kinetic energy back to the spacecraft to bring the spacecraft to a stop?
orbital-mechanics spacecraft physics
orbital-mechanics spacecraft physics
asked 12 hours ago
HRIATEXPHRIATEXP
405
asked 12 hours ago
HRIATEXPHRIATEXP
405
edited 4 hours ago
HRIATEXP
asked 12 hours ago
HRIATEXPHRIATEXP
405
asked 12 hours ago
HRIATEXPHRIATEXP
405
asked 12 hours ago
HRIATEXPHRIATEXP
405
405
1
$begingroup$
The system isn't balanced, I wonder if it will start to wobble and precess as much as it will move laterally, causing the person to become nauseous and run back to the corner.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
12 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@HRIATEXP ah, but which will rotate, the motor or the spacecraft??
$endgroup$
– Organic Marble
11 hours ago
1
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As the man takes his first step, the craft will begin to move in the opposite direction. As he takes each step the craft will continue to move. When he takes his last step, or crashes into the end will, both he and the craft will return to rest. Given the motor (And counterweight) is massive enough to spin the man and craft without issues, the amount it will move is slight.
$endgroup$
– JCRM
11 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@OrganicMarble, that's a good point. I suppose that the spacecraft could be rotated with roll thrusters instead of an electric motor.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@uhoh, I can see that may happen, he may need to take Dramamine before he starts.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
|
show 2 more comments
1
$begingroup$
The system isn't balanced, I wonder if it will start to wobble and precess as much as it will move laterally, causing the person to become nauseous and run back to the corner.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
12 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@HRIATEXP ah, but which will rotate, the motor or the spacecraft??
$endgroup$
– Organic Marble
11 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
As the man takes his first step, the craft will begin to move in the opposite direction. As he takes each step the craft will continue to move. When he takes his last step, or crashes into the end will, both he and the craft will return to rest. Given the motor (And counterweight) is massive enough to spin the man and craft without issues, the amount it will move is slight.
$endgroup$
– JCRM
11 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@OrganicMarble, that's a good point. I suppose that the spacecraft could be rotated with roll thrusters instead of an electric motor.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@uhoh, I can see that may happen, he may need to take Dramamine before he starts.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
The system isn't balanced, I wonder if it will start to wobble and precess as much as it will move laterally, causing the person to become nauseous and run back to the corner.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
12 hours ago
$begingroup$
The system isn't balanced, I wonder if it will start to wobble and precess as much as it will move laterally, causing the person to become nauseous and run back to the corner.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
12 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
@HRIATEXP ah, but which will rotate, the motor or the spacecraft??
$endgroup$
– Organic Marble
11 hours ago
$begingroup$
@HRIATEXP ah, but which will rotate, the motor or the spacecraft??
$endgroup$
– Organic Marble
11 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
As the man takes his first step, the craft will begin to move in the opposite direction. As he takes each step the craft will continue to move. When he takes his last step, or crashes into the end will, both he and the craft will return to rest. Given the motor (And counterweight) is massive enough to spin the man and craft without issues, the amount it will move is slight.
$endgroup$
– JCRM
11 hours ago
$begingroup$
As the man takes his first step, the craft will begin to move in the opposite direction. As he takes each step the craft will continue to move. When he takes his last step, or crashes into the end will, both he and the craft will return to rest. Given the motor (And counterweight) is massive enough to spin the man and craft without issues, the amount it will move is slight.
$endgroup$
– JCRM
11 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
@OrganicMarble, that's a good point. I suppose that the spacecraft could be rotated with roll thrusters instead of an electric motor.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
$begingroup$
@OrganicMarble, that's a good point. I suppose that the spacecraft could be rotated with roll thrusters instead of an electric motor.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
@uhoh, I can see that may happen, he may need to take Dramamine before he starts.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
$begingroup$
@uhoh, I can see that may happen, he may need to take Dramamine before he starts.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
|
show 2 more comments
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
In the frame of reference where the spacecraft is initially at rest, the momentum of the spacecraft (including you) will initially be zero. By conservation of momentum, it will continue to be zero the entire time you are walking and after you have stopped.
While you are walking, you will have a certain amount of momentum in your forward direction. Because the total momentum of the spacecraft-plus-you is zero, the spacecraft will have momentum of the same magnitude in the opposite direction. This means it will be moving very slowly towards your rear. Because it is much more massive than you, it will be moving backwards proportionally more slowly. Somebody watching from the outside would not be able to notice the motion.
Once you got to the other end, as you stopped moving forwards, it would stop moving backwards, thus keeping the net momentum at zero. This would be true no matter how you moved around inside the spacecraft before stopping.
It is wrong to think that you will be continually transferring kinetic energy while you are walking. You transfer a small amount as you accelerate to your walking speed, and then you perform no additional (net) work on the spacecraft until you stop. The momentum has to balance.
The effort you put into walking is to make up for frictional losses in your joints and against the ground, and it all gets turned into heat.
answered 2 hours ago
Mark FoskeyMark Foskey
2,105917
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@ Mark Foskey, very good explanation. This pretty much answers my initial question of whether the spacecraft would stay stationary or would be put in motion while the man is walking. I'm curious about one thing though...would the same hold true if say the man was to ride a segway instead of walking? Would riding on wheels make any difference?
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– HRIATEXP
28 mins ago
add a comment |
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The spacecraft + astronaut can be treated as a system where the center of mass is moving. When the astronaut stops, the space station stops its astronaut-induced motion, because the momentum in that system is conserved.
The Third Law is how momentum is transferred between the parts of that system, but conservation of momentum is going to dictate the velocity of those parts relative to one another.
answered 3 hours ago
Erin AnneErin Anne
2,320326
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@ Erin Anne, thanks for pointing that out. One thing though, the spacecraft and the astronaut should be in motion at the point where he stops walking. Is it correct in saying that the spacecraft should slowly decelerate for a time before coming to a dead stop as opposed to it making an immediate dead stop when he stops walking?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
The station continuing to have velocity from the astronaut's walking would imply that the astronaut still has velocity too. If the astronaut has stopped walking, the astronaut has also stopped moving the space station.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
3 hours ago
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@ Erin Anne, okay
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
2
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To put it another way: If the astronaut COULD be stopped with the space station still moving, the astronaut could start again before the space station stops. How much more energy would the space station gain? How much longer would it take before the space station stopped? Eventually the space station wouldn't need thrusters anymore, just something moving back and forth inside. In the universe we live in, this doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
2 hours ago
add a comment |
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I think your confusion might be based around your contention that
he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes
Instead of considering the entire walk, consider each step. The astronaut is pushing against the "floor," and as he moves forward the spacecraft moves in the opposite direction such that momentum (in the spacecraft-astronaut system) is conserved. If he then stops, the station will stop as well. If he puts his opposite leg forward to take another step it is the same (momentum-wise) as if he stopped before taking another step. Prove this to yourself by considering a treadmill: as you walk the speed of the treadmill stays constant - it does not accelerate. Considering each step as a discrete action makes it more clear that he is not continually imparting more and more velocity to the spacecraft (remember, in the frame of the spacecraft he isn't accelerating once he begins walking at 3km/hr).
Maybe a simpler way to consider this that doesn't require kinesiology is the case in which the astronaut floats in the center at one end and pushes off with his legs towards the other end (left to right in your figure). The same forces are at play; he has essentially just imparted some velocity to the spacecraft in the opposite direction of his motion. If there were a hole at the right end of the figure he would shoot out into the void and the spacecraft would continue with the (relatively small) increased velocity. If we replace the jumping with a controlled explosion and the astronaut with exhaust, this is how rocket engines work. If we patch the hole and he hits the wall, he and the spacecraft will lose the velocity induced by the original jump and the system is as it was originally.
answered 2 hours ago
benben
391210
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@ ben, I realize now how walking will not cause the spacecraft to be continually accelerated due to a kinetic energy transfer. I am curious about one thing, and I asked the user 'Mark Foskey' the same question...if say the man was to ride on a segway instead of walking, would riding on powered wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
17 mins ago
add a comment |
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3 Answers
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3 Answers
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oldest
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$begingroup$
In the frame of reference where the spacecraft is initially at rest, the momentum of the spacecraft (including you) will initially be zero. By conservation of momentum, it will continue to be zero the entire time you are walking and after you have stopped.
While you are walking, you will have a certain amount of momentum in your forward direction. Because the total momentum of the spacecraft-plus-you is zero, the spacecraft will have momentum of the same magnitude in the opposite direction. This means it will be moving very slowly towards your rear. Because it is much more massive than you, it will be moving backwards proportionally more slowly. Somebody watching from the outside would not be able to notice the motion.
Once you got to the other end, as you stopped moving forwards, it would stop moving backwards, thus keeping the net momentum at zero. This would be true no matter how you moved around inside the spacecraft before stopping.
It is wrong to think that you will be continually transferring kinetic energy while you are walking. You transfer a small amount as you accelerate to your walking speed, and then you perform no additional (net) work on the spacecraft until you stop. The momentum has to balance.
The effort you put into walking is to make up for frictional losses in your joints and against the ground, and it all gets turned into heat.
answered 2 hours ago
Mark FoskeyMark Foskey
2,105917
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@ Mark Foskey, very good explanation. This pretty much answers my initial question of whether the spacecraft would stay stationary or would be put in motion while the man is walking. I'm curious about one thing though...would the same hold true if say the man was to ride a segway instead of walking? Would riding on wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
28 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In the frame of reference where the spacecraft is initially at rest, the momentum of the spacecraft (including you) will initially be zero. By conservation of momentum, it will continue to be zero the entire time you are walking and after you have stopped.
While you are walking, you will have a certain amount of momentum in your forward direction. Because the total momentum of the spacecraft-plus-you is zero, the spacecraft will have momentum of the same magnitude in the opposite direction. This means it will be moving very slowly towards your rear. Because it is much more massive than you, it will be moving backwards proportionally more slowly. Somebody watching from the outside would not be able to notice the motion.
Once you got to the other end, as you stopped moving forwards, it would stop moving backwards, thus keeping the net momentum at zero. This would be true no matter how you moved around inside the spacecraft before stopping.
It is wrong to think that you will be continually transferring kinetic energy while you are walking. You transfer a small amount as you accelerate to your walking speed, and then you perform no additional (net) work on the spacecraft until you stop. The momentum has to balance.
The effort you put into walking is to make up for frictional losses in your joints and against the ground, and it all gets turned into heat.
answered 2 hours ago
Mark FoskeyMark Foskey
2,105917
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@ Mark Foskey, very good explanation. This pretty much answers my initial question of whether the spacecraft would stay stationary or would be put in motion while the man is walking. I'm curious about one thing though...would the same hold true if say the man was to ride a segway instead of walking? Would riding on wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
28 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In the frame of reference where the spacecraft is initially at rest, the momentum of the spacecraft (including you) will initially be zero. By conservation of momentum, it will continue to be zero the entire time you are walking and after you have stopped.
While you are walking, you will have a certain amount of momentum in your forward direction. Because the total momentum of the spacecraft-plus-you is zero, the spacecraft will have momentum of the same magnitude in the opposite direction. This means it will be moving very slowly towards your rear. Because it is much more massive than you, it will be moving backwards proportionally more slowly. Somebody watching from the outside would not be able to notice the motion.
Once you got to the other end, as you stopped moving forwards, it would stop moving backwards, thus keeping the net momentum at zero. This would be true no matter how you moved around inside the spacecraft before stopping.
It is wrong to think that you will be continually transferring kinetic energy while you are walking. You transfer a small amount as you accelerate to your walking speed, and then you perform no additional (net) work on the spacecraft until you stop. The momentum has to balance.
The effort you put into walking is to make up for frictional losses in your joints and against the ground, and it all gets turned into heat.
answered 2 hours ago
Mark FoskeyMark Foskey
2,105917
$endgroup$
In the frame of reference where the spacecraft is initially at rest, the momentum of the spacecraft (including you) will initially be zero. By conservation of momentum, it will continue to be zero the entire time you are walking and after you have stopped.
While you are walking, you will have a certain amount of momentum in your forward direction. Because the total momentum of the spacecraft-plus-you is zero, the spacecraft will have momentum of the same magnitude in the opposite direction. This means it will be moving very slowly towards your rear. Because it is much more massive than you, it will be moving backwards proportionally more slowly. Somebody watching from the outside would not be able to notice the motion.
Once you got to the other end, as you stopped moving forwards, it would stop moving backwards, thus keeping the net momentum at zero. This would be true no matter how you moved around inside the spacecraft before stopping.
It is wrong to think that you will be continually transferring kinetic energy while you are walking. You transfer a small amount as you accelerate to your walking speed, and then you perform no additional (net) work on the spacecraft until you stop. The momentum has to balance.
The effort you put into walking is to make up for frictional losses in your joints and against the ground, and it all gets turned into heat.
answered 2 hours ago
Mark FoskeyMark Foskey
2,105917
answered 2 hours ago
Mark FoskeyMark Foskey
2,105917
answered 2 hours ago
Mark FoskeyMark Foskey
2,105917
answered 2 hours ago
Mark FoskeyMark Foskey
2,105917
2,105917
$begingroup$
@ Mark Foskey, very good explanation. This pretty much answers my initial question of whether the spacecraft would stay stationary or would be put in motion while the man is walking. I'm curious about one thing though...would the same hold true if say the man was to ride a segway instead of walking? Would riding on wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
28 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
@ Mark Foskey, very good explanation. This pretty much answers my initial question of whether the spacecraft would stay stationary or would be put in motion while the man is walking. I'm curious about one thing though...would the same hold true if say the man was to ride a segway instead of walking? Would riding on wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
28 mins ago
$begingroup$
@ Mark Foskey, very good explanation. This pretty much answers my initial question of whether the spacecraft would stay stationary or would be put in motion while the man is walking. I'm curious about one thing though...would the same hold true if say the man was to ride a segway instead of walking? Would riding on wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
28 mins ago
$begingroup$
@ Mark Foskey, very good explanation. This pretty much answers my initial question of whether the spacecraft would stay stationary or would be put in motion while the man is walking. I'm curious about one thing though...would the same hold true if say the man was to ride a segway instead of walking? Would riding on wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
28 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The spacecraft + astronaut can be treated as a system where the center of mass is moving. When the astronaut stops, the space station stops its astronaut-induced motion, because the momentum in that system is conserved.
The Third Law is how momentum is transferred between the parts of that system, but conservation of momentum is going to dictate the velocity of those parts relative to one another.
answered 3 hours ago
Erin AnneErin Anne
2,320326
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, thanks for pointing that out. One thing though, the spacecraft and the astronaut should be in motion at the point where he stops walking. Is it correct in saying that the spacecraft should slowly decelerate for a time before coming to a dead stop as opposed to it making an immediate dead stop when he stops walking?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
The station continuing to have velocity from the astronaut's walking would imply that the astronaut still has velocity too. If the astronaut has stopped walking, the astronaut has also stopped moving the space station.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
3 hours ago
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, okay
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
To put it another way: If the astronaut COULD be stopped with the space station still moving, the astronaut could start again before the space station stops. How much more energy would the space station gain? How much longer would it take before the space station stopped? Eventually the space station wouldn't need thrusters anymore, just something moving back and forth inside. In the universe we live in, this doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
2 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The spacecraft + astronaut can be treated as a system where the center of mass is moving. When the astronaut stops, the space station stops its astronaut-induced motion, because the momentum in that system is conserved.
The Third Law is how momentum is transferred between the parts of that system, but conservation of momentum is going to dictate the velocity of those parts relative to one another.
answered 3 hours ago
Erin AnneErin Anne
2,320326
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, thanks for pointing that out. One thing though, the spacecraft and the astronaut should be in motion at the point where he stops walking. Is it correct in saying that the spacecraft should slowly decelerate for a time before coming to a dead stop as opposed to it making an immediate dead stop when he stops walking?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
The station continuing to have velocity from the astronaut's walking would imply that the astronaut still has velocity too. If the astronaut has stopped walking, the astronaut has also stopped moving the space station.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
3 hours ago
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, okay
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
To put it another way: If the astronaut COULD be stopped with the space station still moving, the astronaut could start again before the space station stops. How much more energy would the space station gain? How much longer would it take before the space station stopped? Eventually the space station wouldn't need thrusters anymore, just something moving back and forth inside. In the universe we live in, this doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
2 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The spacecraft + astronaut can be treated as a system where the center of mass is moving. When the astronaut stops, the space station stops its astronaut-induced motion, because the momentum in that system is conserved.
The Third Law is how momentum is transferred between the parts of that system, but conservation of momentum is going to dictate the velocity of those parts relative to one another.
answered 3 hours ago
Erin AnneErin Anne
2,320326
$endgroup$
The spacecraft + astronaut can be treated as a system where the center of mass is moving. When the astronaut stops, the space station stops its astronaut-induced motion, because the momentum in that system is conserved.
The Third Law is how momentum is transferred between the parts of that system, but conservation of momentum is going to dictate the velocity of those parts relative to one another.
answered 3 hours ago
Erin AnneErin Anne
2,320326
answered 3 hours ago
Erin AnneErin Anne
2,320326
answered 3 hours ago
Erin AnneErin Anne
2,320326
answered 3 hours ago
Erin AnneErin Anne
2,320326
2,320326
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, thanks for pointing that out. One thing though, the spacecraft and the astronaut should be in motion at the point where he stops walking. Is it correct in saying that the spacecraft should slowly decelerate for a time before coming to a dead stop as opposed to it making an immediate dead stop when he stops walking?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
The station continuing to have velocity from the astronaut's walking would imply that the astronaut still has velocity too. If the astronaut has stopped walking, the astronaut has also stopped moving the space station.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
3 hours ago
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, okay
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
To put it another way: If the astronaut COULD be stopped with the space station still moving, the astronaut could start again before the space station stops. How much more energy would the space station gain? How much longer would it take before the space station stopped? Eventually the space station wouldn't need thrusters anymore, just something moving back and forth inside. In the universe we live in, this doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
2 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, thanks for pointing that out. One thing though, the spacecraft and the astronaut should be in motion at the point where he stops walking. Is it correct in saying that the spacecraft should slowly decelerate for a time before coming to a dead stop as opposed to it making an immediate dead stop when he stops walking?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
The station continuing to have velocity from the astronaut's walking would imply that the astronaut still has velocity too. If the astronaut has stopped walking, the astronaut has also stopped moving the space station.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
3 hours ago
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, okay
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
To put it another way: If the astronaut COULD be stopped with the space station still moving, the astronaut could start again before the space station stops. How much more energy would the space station gain? How much longer would it take before the space station stopped? Eventually the space station wouldn't need thrusters anymore, just something moving back and forth inside. In the universe we live in, this doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
2 hours ago
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, thanks for pointing that out. One thing though, the spacecraft and the astronaut should be in motion at the point where he stops walking. Is it correct in saying that the spacecraft should slowly decelerate for a time before coming to a dead stop as opposed to it making an immediate dead stop when he stops walking?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, thanks for pointing that out. One thing though, the spacecraft and the astronaut should be in motion at the point where he stops walking. Is it correct in saying that the spacecraft should slowly decelerate for a time before coming to a dead stop as opposed to it making an immediate dead stop when he stops walking?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
The station continuing to have velocity from the astronaut's walking would imply that the astronaut still has velocity too. If the astronaut has stopped walking, the astronaut has also stopped moving the space station.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
3 hours ago
$begingroup$
The station continuing to have velocity from the astronaut's walking would imply that the astronaut still has velocity too. If the astronaut has stopped walking, the astronaut has also stopped moving the space station.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
3 hours ago
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, okay
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
$begingroup$
@ Erin Anne, okay
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
3 hours ago
2
2
$begingroup$
To put it another way: If the astronaut COULD be stopped with the space station still moving, the astronaut could start again before the space station stops. How much more energy would the space station gain? How much longer would it take before the space station stopped? Eventually the space station wouldn't need thrusters anymore, just something moving back and forth inside. In the universe we live in, this doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
2 hours ago
$begingroup$
To put it another way: If the astronaut COULD be stopped with the space station still moving, the astronaut could start again before the space station stops. How much more energy would the space station gain? How much longer would it take before the space station stopped? Eventually the space station wouldn't need thrusters anymore, just something moving back and forth inside. In the universe we live in, this doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– Erin Anne
2 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I think your confusion might be based around your contention that
he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes
Instead of considering the entire walk, consider each step. The astronaut is pushing against the "floor," and as he moves forward the spacecraft moves in the opposite direction such that momentum (in the spacecraft-astronaut system) is conserved. If he then stops, the station will stop as well. If he puts his opposite leg forward to take another step it is the same (momentum-wise) as if he stopped before taking another step. Prove this to yourself by considering a treadmill: as you walk the speed of the treadmill stays constant - it does not accelerate. Considering each step as a discrete action makes it more clear that he is not continually imparting more and more velocity to the spacecraft (remember, in the frame of the spacecraft he isn't accelerating once he begins walking at 3km/hr).
Maybe a simpler way to consider this that doesn't require kinesiology is the case in which the astronaut floats in the center at one end and pushes off with his legs towards the other end (left to right in your figure). The same forces are at play; he has essentially just imparted some velocity to the spacecraft in the opposite direction of his motion. If there were a hole at the right end of the figure he would shoot out into the void and the spacecraft would continue with the (relatively small) increased velocity. If we replace the jumping with a controlled explosion and the astronaut with exhaust, this is how rocket engines work. If we patch the hole and he hits the wall, he and the spacecraft will lose the velocity induced by the original jump and the system is as it was originally.
answered 2 hours ago
benben
391210
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@ ben, I realize now how walking will not cause the spacecraft to be continually accelerated due to a kinetic energy transfer. I am curious about one thing, and I asked the user 'Mark Foskey' the same question...if say the man was to ride on a segway instead of walking, would riding on powered wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
17 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I think your confusion might be based around your contention that
he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes
Instead of considering the entire walk, consider each step. The astronaut is pushing against the "floor," and as he moves forward the spacecraft moves in the opposite direction such that momentum (in the spacecraft-astronaut system) is conserved. If he then stops, the station will stop as well. If he puts his opposite leg forward to take another step it is the same (momentum-wise) as if he stopped before taking another step. Prove this to yourself by considering a treadmill: as you walk the speed of the treadmill stays constant - it does not accelerate. Considering each step as a discrete action makes it more clear that he is not continually imparting more and more velocity to the spacecraft (remember, in the frame of the spacecraft he isn't accelerating once he begins walking at 3km/hr).
Maybe a simpler way to consider this that doesn't require kinesiology is the case in which the astronaut floats in the center at one end and pushes off with his legs towards the other end (left to right in your figure). The same forces are at play; he has essentially just imparted some velocity to the spacecraft in the opposite direction of his motion. If there were a hole at the right end of the figure he would shoot out into the void and the spacecraft would continue with the (relatively small) increased velocity. If we replace the jumping with a controlled explosion and the astronaut with exhaust, this is how rocket engines work. If we patch the hole and he hits the wall, he and the spacecraft will lose the velocity induced by the original jump and the system is as it was originally.
answered 2 hours ago
benben
391210
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@ ben, I realize now how walking will not cause the spacecraft to be continually accelerated due to a kinetic energy transfer. I am curious about one thing, and I asked the user 'Mark Foskey' the same question...if say the man was to ride on a segway instead of walking, would riding on powered wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
17 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I think your confusion might be based around your contention that
he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes
Instead of considering the entire walk, consider each step. The astronaut is pushing against the "floor," and as he moves forward the spacecraft moves in the opposite direction such that momentum (in the spacecraft-astronaut system) is conserved. If he then stops, the station will stop as well. If he puts his opposite leg forward to take another step it is the same (momentum-wise) as if he stopped before taking another step. Prove this to yourself by considering a treadmill: as you walk the speed of the treadmill stays constant - it does not accelerate. Considering each step as a discrete action makes it more clear that he is not continually imparting more and more velocity to the spacecraft (remember, in the frame of the spacecraft he isn't accelerating once he begins walking at 3km/hr).
Maybe a simpler way to consider this that doesn't require kinesiology is the case in which the astronaut floats in the center at one end and pushes off with his legs towards the other end (left to right in your figure). The same forces are at play; he has essentially just imparted some velocity to the spacecraft in the opposite direction of his motion. If there were a hole at the right end of the figure he would shoot out into the void and the spacecraft would continue with the (relatively small) increased velocity. If we replace the jumping with a controlled explosion and the astronaut with exhaust, this is how rocket engines work. If we patch the hole and he hits the wall, he and the spacecraft will lose the velocity induced by the original jump and the system is as it was originally.
answered 2 hours ago
benben
391210
$endgroup$
I think your confusion might be based around your contention that
he transferred a lot of kinetic energy to the spacecraft in those 20 minutes
Instead of considering the entire walk, consider each step. The astronaut is pushing against the "floor," and as he moves forward the spacecraft moves in the opposite direction such that momentum (in the spacecraft-astronaut system) is conserved. If he then stops, the station will stop as well. If he puts his opposite leg forward to take another step it is the same (momentum-wise) as if he stopped before taking another step. Prove this to yourself by considering a treadmill: as you walk the speed of the treadmill stays constant - it does not accelerate. Considering each step as a discrete action makes it more clear that he is not continually imparting more and more velocity to the spacecraft (remember, in the frame of the spacecraft he isn't accelerating once he begins walking at 3km/hr).
Maybe a simpler way to consider this that doesn't require kinesiology is the case in which the astronaut floats in the center at one end and pushes off with his legs towards the other end (left to right in your figure). The same forces are at play; he has essentially just imparted some velocity to the spacecraft in the opposite direction of his motion. If there were a hole at the right end of the figure he would shoot out into the void and the spacecraft would continue with the (relatively small) increased velocity. If we replace the jumping with a controlled explosion and the astronaut with exhaust, this is how rocket engines work. If we patch the hole and he hits the wall, he and the spacecraft will lose the velocity induced by the original jump and the system is as it was originally.
answered 2 hours ago
benben
391210
answered 2 hours ago
benben
391210
answered 2 hours ago
benben
391210
answered 2 hours ago
benben
391210
391210
$begingroup$
@ ben, I realize now how walking will not cause the spacecraft to be continually accelerated due to a kinetic energy transfer. I am curious about one thing, and I asked the user 'Mark Foskey' the same question...if say the man was to ride on a segway instead of walking, would riding on powered wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
17 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
@ ben, I realize now how walking will not cause the spacecraft to be continually accelerated due to a kinetic energy transfer. I am curious about one thing, and I asked the user 'Mark Foskey' the same question...if say the man was to ride on a segway instead of walking, would riding on powered wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
17 mins ago
$begingroup$
@ ben, I realize now how walking will not cause the spacecraft to be continually accelerated due to a kinetic energy transfer. I am curious about one thing, and I asked the user 'Mark Foskey' the same question...if say the man was to ride on a segway instead of walking, would riding on powered wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
17 mins ago
$begingroup$
@ ben, I realize now how walking will not cause the spacecraft to be continually accelerated due to a kinetic energy transfer. I am curious about one thing, and I asked the user 'Mark Foskey' the same question...if say the man was to ride on a segway instead of walking, would riding on powered wheels make any difference?
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
17 mins ago
add a comment |
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1
$begingroup$
The system isn't balanced, I wonder if it will start to wobble and precess as much as it will move laterally, causing the person to become nauseous and run back to the corner.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
12 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@HRIATEXP ah, but which will rotate, the motor or the spacecraft??
$endgroup$
– Organic Marble
11 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
As the man takes his first step, the craft will begin to move in the opposite direction. As he takes each step the craft will continue to move. When he takes his last step, or crashes into the end will, both he and the craft will return to rest. Given the motor (And counterweight) is massive enough to spin the man and craft without issues, the amount it will move is slight.
$endgroup$
– JCRM
11 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@OrganicMarble, that's a good point. I suppose that the spacecraft could be rotated with roll thrusters instead of an electric motor.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@uhoh, I can see that may happen, he may need to take Dramamine before he starts.
$endgroup$
– HRIATEXP
9 hours ago