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I tried to install Xubuntu 13.10 on an older computer. I noticed some difficulties during installation that may be relevant to my problems. Notably:

1. The screen resolution was extremely low. The windows were much larger than the screen and I had to move them around to get to the "Next" button.




2. The mouse cursor was a blur of colours that was flashing all the time.

The installation finished and I tried to reboot the computer. Immediately I got:

error: attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0'. 

Entering rescue mode... 

grub rescue>

I made a Boot Repair USB disk, booted it and chose the default repair. The application told me that the problem is repaired and that If this does not solve my problem I should show this link to someone who can help me.

What should I do next? I already tried to install Ubuntu and Xubuntu, both with no success.

EDIT:

I found a workaround.

1. Insert the Xubuntu live USB


2. Select "try Xubuntu"


3. In the settings menu select "install Xubuntu"

This fixed the problem for me. Since it is solved I cannot test the answer.

Locate the partition in which linux is present with the help of following technique

grub rescue > ls

(hd0) (hd0, msdos9)

grub rescue > ls (hd0,msdos9)/

grub rescue > ls (hd0,msdos8)/

grub rescue > ls (hd0,msdos5)/ # suppose this is root and bootloader of linux

grub rescue > ls (hd0,msdos5)/

grub rescue > set root=(hd0,msdos5)

grub rescue > set prefix=(hd0,msdos5)/boot/grub

grub rescue > insmod normal

grub rescue > normal

Now, system's boot menu appears. Boot into linux.

sudo update-grub

sudo grub-install  /dev/sda # If the drive is hd0 the equivalent is sda, if it's hd1 then use sdb

This fixes boot loader.

For anyone else that has this issue:

This was happening to me where a new install or grub repair would work and reboot, but the next time I rebooted, it would get this same "attempt to read error". Most times I would get a kernel panic and the computer would need a hard restart.

I followed some advice and did a new install using the advanced options (don't use the "erase disk and install ubuntu") using these partition settings:

1. Create a 1 GB (1024 MB) ext4 partition on the beginning of the disk; mounted in "/boot"


2. Create your desired install space in ext4 mounted in "/" MINUS your swap area
   


3. Use remaining space for swap. (ALL partitions will be primary)


4. In the boot install dropdown menu, select your "/boot" partition. Not the defaulted drive root!
   

I solved this problem by moving my Linux partition close to begining of hard disk. When linux partition was at the end of my 120 Gb HDD (40 Gb from end) I got this problem. No one solution didn't work. After moving linux partition to space from 40Gb to 80Gb problem disappeared.

It can be easily solved through the Grub rescue prompt. The first answer isn't quite complete and I got the same error at first. Here is how it works:

1st we need to find the primary partition. This will be where the essential files needed for linux to boot will reside, so we enter this -

Grub> ls

You should now see a list comparable to (hd0) (hd0,msdos5) (hd0,msdos1). Note that you may have different partitions than myself, as well as multiple drives, but the process is the same.

Now search the partitions to find the primary -

Grub> ls (hd0)

Grub> ls (hd0,msdos5)

Grub> ls (hd0,msdos1)

Until grub outputs either a list of files on that partition or shows the filesystem type and date of last modification.

2nd we need to set up a few things once we've found our primary partition -

Grub> set prefix=(hd0,msdos1)/boot/grub

Grub> set root=(hd0,msdos1)

Grub> set

Once the last set command is executed Grub will output a list of different parameters. Now lets check that we've set the correct root and prefix -

Grub> ls /boot

Grub should output a list of files contained within /boot.

3rd we need to set the mount point and load the kernel -

Grub> linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1

Grub> initrd /initrd.img

And lastly we boot the system -

Grub> boot

If you end up booting into the busybox shell, simply enter fsck /dev/sda1. After that just enter exit and your system will boot normally.

After searching lots of hours I tried this solution and it works well, to reinstall the kernel:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-$(uname -r)