Airplane gently rocking its wings during whole flight












9












$begingroup$


I was on a flight with a regional airline a while ago in a Bombardier airplane (if I recall correctly) where the airplane would slowly and gently rock its wings just a little bit on the whole flight. I wasn't a long flight but wasn't very short either at roughly 2 hours.



It was very comfortable and the rocking made for a very gentle cradle feeling 🙂



My question is, why would that be? Is it economical to do so for any reason? Is it possible that the airplane had no autopilot and the pilot was flying it by hand? What could cause such a behaviour?










share|improve this question









$endgroup$








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    Sounds like the dutch roll mode was working. Were you high and fast at the time?
    $endgroup$
    – MikeY
    Mar 31 at 23:52






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Are you talking about this? It is pretty common for airplanes.
    $endgroup$
    – havenoidea
    2 days ago
















9












$begingroup$


I was on a flight with a regional airline a while ago in a Bombardier airplane (if I recall correctly) where the airplane would slowly and gently rock its wings just a little bit on the whole flight. I wasn't a long flight but wasn't very short either at roughly 2 hours.



It was very comfortable and the rocking made for a very gentle cradle feeling 🙂



My question is, why would that be? Is it economical to do so for any reason? Is it possible that the airplane had no autopilot and the pilot was flying it by hand? What could cause such a behaviour?










share|improve this question









$endgroup$








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    Sounds like the dutch roll mode was working. Were you high and fast at the time?
    $endgroup$
    – MikeY
    Mar 31 at 23:52






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Are you talking about this? It is pretty common for airplanes.
    $endgroup$
    – havenoidea
    2 days ago














9












9








9


1



$begingroup$


I was on a flight with a regional airline a while ago in a Bombardier airplane (if I recall correctly) where the airplane would slowly and gently rock its wings just a little bit on the whole flight. I wasn't a long flight but wasn't very short either at roughly 2 hours.



It was very comfortable and the rocking made for a very gentle cradle feeling 🙂



My question is, why would that be? Is it economical to do so for any reason? Is it possible that the airplane had no autopilot and the pilot was flying it by hand? What could cause such a behaviour?










share|improve this question









$endgroup$




I was on a flight with a regional airline a while ago in a Bombardier airplane (if I recall correctly) where the airplane would slowly and gently rock its wings just a little bit on the whole flight. I wasn't a long flight but wasn't very short either at roughly 2 hours.



It was very comfortable and the rocking made for a very gentle cradle feeling 🙂



My question is, why would that be? Is it economical to do so for any reason? Is it possible that the airplane had no autopilot and the pilot was flying it by hand? What could cause such a behaviour?







aerodynamics wing economics






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Mar 31 at 23:14









Délisson JunioDélisson Junio

427717




427717








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    Sounds like the dutch roll mode was working. Were you high and fast at the time?
    $endgroup$
    – MikeY
    Mar 31 at 23:52






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Are you talking about this? It is pretty common for airplanes.
    $endgroup$
    – havenoidea
    2 days ago














  • 3




    $begingroup$
    Sounds like the dutch roll mode was working. Were you high and fast at the time?
    $endgroup$
    – MikeY
    Mar 31 at 23:52






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Are you talking about this? It is pretty common for airplanes.
    $endgroup$
    – havenoidea
    2 days ago








3




3




$begingroup$
Sounds like the dutch roll mode was working. Were you high and fast at the time?
$endgroup$
– MikeY
Mar 31 at 23:52




$begingroup$
Sounds like the dutch roll mode was working. Were you high and fast at the time?
$endgroup$
– MikeY
Mar 31 at 23:52




1




1




$begingroup$
Are you talking about this? It is pretty common for airplanes.
$endgroup$
– havenoidea
2 days ago




$begingroup$
Are you talking about this? It is pretty common for airplanes.
$endgroup$
– havenoidea
2 days ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















16












$begingroup$

I can give you two theories. One is it's a very very mild case of "overcontrolling" of the autopilot roll servo as it chases a perfectly wings level condition and continuously applies a teeny bit too much left, ooops, then a teeny bit too much right, oops, and back and forth.



The aileron control circuit is cables running to hydraulics at the ailerons, with a spring loaded roller in a curvy V shaped cam device that centers each side of the aileron cable circuit. The breakout force to move the control circuit out of neutral (forcing the roller from the center V of the cam) is fairly high and this can actually be a problem for pilots hand flying at higher speeds where the ailerons are quite snappy - applying enough force to break out the circuit and move the wheel left gives too much, and back the other way... too much... and back and forth you go. It can be a pain.



The autopilot servo is basically a little electric winch connected into the aileron cable circuit, doing the same thing the pilot does. It could be that something in the electronic control loop, or mechanically within the servo, can cause this back and forth oscillation on some airplanes, sometimes. It may be related to wear and backlash within the autopilot servo.



The other theory is it's more or less something similar, but in the yaw mode with the yaw damper not able to fully dampen out a dutch roll mode because the amplitude was within the yaw damper's sensitivity band. Dutch roll is rolling due to yaw, which in swept wing jets is very strong, such that it can set up continuous self energizing oscillation. It could also be related to wear and backlash in the yaw damper actuator, which is a pair of electric linear actuators (little electric screw jacks), in the push rods going to the rudder hydraulics.



If you saw the wing tip just going straight up and down, it's mostly likely the first theory. If you could see the winglet moving in a little circle (indicating rolling and yawing), it's more likely the second theory.



I can really only theorize because the issue was never fully explored on the RJ program as this phenomenon was random, very minor and not dangerous, and was never complained about by operators because only someone sitting near the wings that can look straight out at the winglet ever notices it. It was never bad enough to get anyone sick for example, at least on the RJ fleet.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$









  • 5




    $begingroup$
    For those who want to know the little tiny left, little tiny right would be a bad hysteresis. Similar to how you ac/heat does not come on right at the correct temp. It waits for it to be out of a range, higher for heat to turn off, lower for ac to turn off.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @NDEthos: Are they really using simple thermostat-style controllers instead of properly configured PID controllers?
    $endgroup$
    – Michael
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    I just used a thermostat as an example. Even with a PID I would assume the concept of hysteresis still applies.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    But shouldn't an aircraft be roll-stable at cruise naturally?
    $endgroup$
    – Délisson Junio
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    It's way more complicated with swept wing airplanes because of the strong roll/yaw couple caused by the sweep. The sweep is a bit like having way too much dihedral; any yawing motions set up sympathetic rolling motions (setting up a kind of S shaped flight path - dutch roll) and they may dampen themselves out, but in some configurations the damping is too weak, or is negative (dutch roll), necessitating a yaw damper system that works the rudder to actively stop or prevent yawing movements. I suspect that the condition you were seeing was a feedback or hysterisis loop within the YD system.
    $endgroup$
    – John K
    2 days ago












Your Answer





StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
});
});
}, "mathjax-editing");

StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "528"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: false,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: null,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});


}
});














draft saved

draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faviation.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f61851%2fairplane-gently-rocking-its-wings-during-whole-flight%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown

























1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









16












$begingroup$

I can give you two theories. One is it's a very very mild case of "overcontrolling" of the autopilot roll servo as it chases a perfectly wings level condition and continuously applies a teeny bit too much left, ooops, then a teeny bit too much right, oops, and back and forth.



The aileron control circuit is cables running to hydraulics at the ailerons, with a spring loaded roller in a curvy V shaped cam device that centers each side of the aileron cable circuit. The breakout force to move the control circuit out of neutral (forcing the roller from the center V of the cam) is fairly high and this can actually be a problem for pilots hand flying at higher speeds where the ailerons are quite snappy - applying enough force to break out the circuit and move the wheel left gives too much, and back the other way... too much... and back and forth you go. It can be a pain.



The autopilot servo is basically a little electric winch connected into the aileron cable circuit, doing the same thing the pilot does. It could be that something in the electronic control loop, or mechanically within the servo, can cause this back and forth oscillation on some airplanes, sometimes. It may be related to wear and backlash within the autopilot servo.



The other theory is it's more or less something similar, but in the yaw mode with the yaw damper not able to fully dampen out a dutch roll mode because the amplitude was within the yaw damper's sensitivity band. Dutch roll is rolling due to yaw, which in swept wing jets is very strong, such that it can set up continuous self energizing oscillation. It could also be related to wear and backlash in the yaw damper actuator, which is a pair of electric linear actuators (little electric screw jacks), in the push rods going to the rudder hydraulics.



If you saw the wing tip just going straight up and down, it's mostly likely the first theory. If you could see the winglet moving in a little circle (indicating rolling and yawing), it's more likely the second theory.



I can really only theorize because the issue was never fully explored on the RJ program as this phenomenon was random, very minor and not dangerous, and was never complained about by operators because only someone sitting near the wings that can look straight out at the winglet ever notices it. It was never bad enough to get anyone sick for example, at least on the RJ fleet.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$









  • 5




    $begingroup$
    For those who want to know the little tiny left, little tiny right would be a bad hysteresis. Similar to how you ac/heat does not come on right at the correct temp. It waits for it to be out of a range, higher for heat to turn off, lower for ac to turn off.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @NDEthos: Are they really using simple thermostat-style controllers instead of properly configured PID controllers?
    $endgroup$
    – Michael
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    I just used a thermostat as an example. Even with a PID I would assume the concept of hysteresis still applies.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    But shouldn't an aircraft be roll-stable at cruise naturally?
    $endgroup$
    – Délisson Junio
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    It's way more complicated with swept wing airplanes because of the strong roll/yaw couple caused by the sweep. The sweep is a bit like having way too much dihedral; any yawing motions set up sympathetic rolling motions (setting up a kind of S shaped flight path - dutch roll) and they may dampen themselves out, but in some configurations the damping is too weak, or is negative (dutch roll), necessitating a yaw damper system that works the rudder to actively stop or prevent yawing movements. I suspect that the condition you were seeing was a feedback or hysterisis loop within the YD system.
    $endgroup$
    – John K
    2 days ago
















16












$begingroup$

I can give you two theories. One is it's a very very mild case of "overcontrolling" of the autopilot roll servo as it chases a perfectly wings level condition and continuously applies a teeny bit too much left, ooops, then a teeny bit too much right, oops, and back and forth.



The aileron control circuit is cables running to hydraulics at the ailerons, with a spring loaded roller in a curvy V shaped cam device that centers each side of the aileron cable circuit. The breakout force to move the control circuit out of neutral (forcing the roller from the center V of the cam) is fairly high and this can actually be a problem for pilots hand flying at higher speeds where the ailerons are quite snappy - applying enough force to break out the circuit and move the wheel left gives too much, and back the other way... too much... and back and forth you go. It can be a pain.



The autopilot servo is basically a little electric winch connected into the aileron cable circuit, doing the same thing the pilot does. It could be that something in the electronic control loop, or mechanically within the servo, can cause this back and forth oscillation on some airplanes, sometimes. It may be related to wear and backlash within the autopilot servo.



The other theory is it's more or less something similar, but in the yaw mode with the yaw damper not able to fully dampen out a dutch roll mode because the amplitude was within the yaw damper's sensitivity band. Dutch roll is rolling due to yaw, which in swept wing jets is very strong, such that it can set up continuous self energizing oscillation. It could also be related to wear and backlash in the yaw damper actuator, which is a pair of electric linear actuators (little electric screw jacks), in the push rods going to the rudder hydraulics.



If you saw the wing tip just going straight up and down, it's mostly likely the first theory. If you could see the winglet moving in a little circle (indicating rolling and yawing), it's more likely the second theory.



I can really only theorize because the issue was never fully explored on the RJ program as this phenomenon was random, very minor and not dangerous, and was never complained about by operators because only someone sitting near the wings that can look straight out at the winglet ever notices it. It was never bad enough to get anyone sick for example, at least on the RJ fleet.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$









  • 5




    $begingroup$
    For those who want to know the little tiny left, little tiny right would be a bad hysteresis. Similar to how you ac/heat does not come on right at the correct temp. It waits for it to be out of a range, higher for heat to turn off, lower for ac to turn off.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @NDEthos: Are they really using simple thermostat-style controllers instead of properly configured PID controllers?
    $endgroup$
    – Michael
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    I just used a thermostat as an example. Even with a PID I would assume the concept of hysteresis still applies.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    But shouldn't an aircraft be roll-stable at cruise naturally?
    $endgroup$
    – Délisson Junio
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    It's way more complicated with swept wing airplanes because of the strong roll/yaw couple caused by the sweep. The sweep is a bit like having way too much dihedral; any yawing motions set up sympathetic rolling motions (setting up a kind of S shaped flight path - dutch roll) and they may dampen themselves out, but in some configurations the damping is too weak, or is negative (dutch roll), necessitating a yaw damper system that works the rudder to actively stop or prevent yawing movements. I suspect that the condition you were seeing was a feedback or hysterisis loop within the YD system.
    $endgroup$
    – John K
    2 days ago














16












16








16





$begingroup$

I can give you two theories. One is it's a very very mild case of "overcontrolling" of the autopilot roll servo as it chases a perfectly wings level condition and continuously applies a teeny bit too much left, ooops, then a teeny bit too much right, oops, and back and forth.



The aileron control circuit is cables running to hydraulics at the ailerons, with a spring loaded roller in a curvy V shaped cam device that centers each side of the aileron cable circuit. The breakout force to move the control circuit out of neutral (forcing the roller from the center V of the cam) is fairly high and this can actually be a problem for pilots hand flying at higher speeds where the ailerons are quite snappy - applying enough force to break out the circuit and move the wheel left gives too much, and back the other way... too much... and back and forth you go. It can be a pain.



The autopilot servo is basically a little electric winch connected into the aileron cable circuit, doing the same thing the pilot does. It could be that something in the electronic control loop, or mechanically within the servo, can cause this back and forth oscillation on some airplanes, sometimes. It may be related to wear and backlash within the autopilot servo.



The other theory is it's more or less something similar, but in the yaw mode with the yaw damper not able to fully dampen out a dutch roll mode because the amplitude was within the yaw damper's sensitivity band. Dutch roll is rolling due to yaw, which in swept wing jets is very strong, such that it can set up continuous self energizing oscillation. It could also be related to wear and backlash in the yaw damper actuator, which is a pair of electric linear actuators (little electric screw jacks), in the push rods going to the rudder hydraulics.



If you saw the wing tip just going straight up and down, it's mostly likely the first theory. If you could see the winglet moving in a little circle (indicating rolling and yawing), it's more likely the second theory.



I can really only theorize because the issue was never fully explored on the RJ program as this phenomenon was random, very minor and not dangerous, and was never complained about by operators because only someone sitting near the wings that can look straight out at the winglet ever notices it. It was never bad enough to get anyone sick for example, at least on the RJ fleet.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$



I can give you two theories. One is it's a very very mild case of "overcontrolling" of the autopilot roll servo as it chases a perfectly wings level condition and continuously applies a teeny bit too much left, ooops, then a teeny bit too much right, oops, and back and forth.



The aileron control circuit is cables running to hydraulics at the ailerons, with a spring loaded roller in a curvy V shaped cam device that centers each side of the aileron cable circuit. The breakout force to move the control circuit out of neutral (forcing the roller from the center V of the cam) is fairly high and this can actually be a problem for pilots hand flying at higher speeds where the ailerons are quite snappy - applying enough force to break out the circuit and move the wheel left gives too much, and back the other way... too much... and back and forth you go. It can be a pain.



The autopilot servo is basically a little electric winch connected into the aileron cable circuit, doing the same thing the pilot does. It could be that something in the electronic control loop, or mechanically within the servo, can cause this back and forth oscillation on some airplanes, sometimes. It may be related to wear and backlash within the autopilot servo.



The other theory is it's more or less something similar, but in the yaw mode with the yaw damper not able to fully dampen out a dutch roll mode because the amplitude was within the yaw damper's sensitivity band. Dutch roll is rolling due to yaw, which in swept wing jets is very strong, such that it can set up continuous self energizing oscillation. It could also be related to wear and backlash in the yaw damper actuator, which is a pair of electric linear actuators (little electric screw jacks), in the push rods going to the rudder hydraulics.



If you saw the wing tip just going straight up and down, it's mostly likely the first theory. If you could see the winglet moving in a little circle (indicating rolling and yawing), it's more likely the second theory.



I can really only theorize because the issue was never fully explored on the RJ program as this phenomenon was random, very minor and not dangerous, and was never complained about by operators because only someone sitting near the wings that can look straight out at the winglet ever notices it. It was never bad enough to get anyone sick for example, at least on the RJ fleet.







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Apr 1 at 0:08









John KJohn K

24.2k13473




24.2k13473








  • 5




    $begingroup$
    For those who want to know the little tiny left, little tiny right would be a bad hysteresis. Similar to how you ac/heat does not come on right at the correct temp. It waits for it to be out of a range, higher for heat to turn off, lower for ac to turn off.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @NDEthos: Are they really using simple thermostat-style controllers instead of properly configured PID controllers?
    $endgroup$
    – Michael
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    I just used a thermostat as an example. Even with a PID I would assume the concept of hysteresis still applies.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    But shouldn't an aircraft be roll-stable at cruise naturally?
    $endgroup$
    – Délisson Junio
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    It's way more complicated with swept wing airplanes because of the strong roll/yaw couple caused by the sweep. The sweep is a bit like having way too much dihedral; any yawing motions set up sympathetic rolling motions (setting up a kind of S shaped flight path - dutch roll) and they may dampen themselves out, but in some configurations the damping is too weak, or is negative (dutch roll), necessitating a yaw damper system that works the rudder to actively stop or prevent yawing movements. I suspect that the condition you were seeing was a feedback or hysterisis loop within the YD system.
    $endgroup$
    – John K
    2 days ago














  • 5




    $begingroup$
    For those who want to know the little tiny left, little tiny right would be a bad hysteresis. Similar to how you ac/heat does not come on right at the correct temp. It waits for it to be out of a range, higher for heat to turn off, lower for ac to turn off.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @NDEthos: Are they really using simple thermostat-style controllers instead of properly configured PID controllers?
    $endgroup$
    – Michael
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    I just used a thermostat as an example. Even with a PID I would assume the concept of hysteresis still applies.
    $endgroup$
    – NDEthos
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    But shouldn't an aircraft be roll-stable at cruise naturally?
    $endgroup$
    – Délisson Junio
    2 days ago










  • $begingroup$
    It's way more complicated with swept wing airplanes because of the strong roll/yaw couple caused by the sweep. The sweep is a bit like having way too much dihedral; any yawing motions set up sympathetic rolling motions (setting up a kind of S shaped flight path - dutch roll) and they may dampen themselves out, but in some configurations the damping is too weak, or is negative (dutch roll), necessitating a yaw damper system that works the rudder to actively stop or prevent yawing movements. I suspect that the condition you were seeing was a feedback or hysterisis loop within the YD system.
    $endgroup$
    – John K
    2 days ago








5




5




$begingroup$
For those who want to know the little tiny left, little tiny right would be a bad hysteresis. Similar to how you ac/heat does not come on right at the correct temp. It waits for it to be out of a range, higher for heat to turn off, lower for ac to turn off.
$endgroup$
– NDEthos
2 days ago




$begingroup$
For those who want to know the little tiny left, little tiny right would be a bad hysteresis. Similar to how you ac/heat does not come on right at the correct temp. It waits for it to be out of a range, higher for heat to turn off, lower for ac to turn off.
$endgroup$
– NDEthos
2 days ago




2




2




$begingroup$
@NDEthos: Are they really using simple thermostat-style controllers instead of properly configured PID controllers?
$endgroup$
– Michael
2 days ago




$begingroup$
@NDEthos: Are they really using simple thermostat-style controllers instead of properly configured PID controllers?
$endgroup$
– Michael
2 days ago




2




2




$begingroup$
I just used a thermostat as an example. Even with a PID I would assume the concept of hysteresis still applies.
$endgroup$
– NDEthos
2 days ago




$begingroup$
I just used a thermostat as an example. Even with a PID I would assume the concept of hysteresis still applies.
$endgroup$
– NDEthos
2 days ago












$begingroup$
But shouldn't an aircraft be roll-stable at cruise naturally?
$endgroup$
– Délisson Junio
2 days ago




$begingroup$
But shouldn't an aircraft be roll-stable at cruise naturally?
$endgroup$
– Délisson Junio
2 days ago












$begingroup$
It's way more complicated with swept wing airplanes because of the strong roll/yaw couple caused by the sweep. The sweep is a bit like having way too much dihedral; any yawing motions set up sympathetic rolling motions (setting up a kind of S shaped flight path - dutch roll) and they may dampen themselves out, but in some configurations the damping is too weak, or is negative (dutch roll), necessitating a yaw damper system that works the rudder to actively stop or prevent yawing movements. I suspect that the condition you were seeing was a feedback or hysterisis loop within the YD system.
$endgroup$
– John K
2 days ago




$begingroup$
It's way more complicated with swept wing airplanes because of the strong roll/yaw couple caused by the sweep. The sweep is a bit like having way too much dihedral; any yawing motions set up sympathetic rolling motions (setting up a kind of S shaped flight path - dutch roll) and they may dampen themselves out, but in some configurations the damping is too weak, or is negative (dutch roll), necessitating a yaw damper system that works the rudder to actively stop or prevent yawing movements. I suspect that the condition you were seeing was a feedback or hysterisis loop within the YD system.
$endgroup$
– John K
2 days ago


















draft saved

draft discarded




















































Thanks for contributing an answer to Aviation Stack Exchange!


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid



  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faviation.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f61851%2fairplane-gently-rocking-its-wings-during-whole-flight%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown





















































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown

































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown







Popular posts from this blog

數位音樂下載

格利澤436b

When can things happen in Etherscan, such as the picture below?