Randomly curved arrows in TikZ
Any suggestions on how to draw something like this picture using TikZ?
Thanks!
tikz-pgf arrows random
New contributor
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Any suggestions on how to draw something like this picture using TikZ?
Thanks!
tikz-pgf arrows random
New contributor
add a comment |
Any suggestions on how to draw something like this picture using TikZ?
Thanks!
tikz-pgf arrows random
New contributor
Any suggestions on how to draw something like this picture using TikZ?
Thanks!
tikz-pgf arrows random
tikz-pgf arrows random
New contributor
New contributor
edited 4 hours ago
Milo
6,07021548
6,07021548
New contributor
asked 5 hours ago
sorciottosorciotto
162
162
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2 Answers
2
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votes
This isn't a complete answer. But as a proof of concept, I tried adapting this answer from Stroke with variable thickness to make something like the arrows you want.
documentclass[tikz,margin=0.5cm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta}
makeatletter
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in =startcolor,
end color/.store in =endcolor
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=2pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathdivide{50}{pgfdecoratedpathlength}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=.5pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathadd@{x}{increment}%
letx=pgfmathresult%
}]{%
pgfsetlinewidth{x/20*0.005pt+pgflinewidth}%
pgfsetarrows{-}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{.75pt}{0pt}}%
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
color{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw [line width=2pt, decoration={width and color change,start color=black, end color=black}, decorate,] plot [smooth, tension=1] coordinates { (0,0) (2,0.5) (5,0.7) (3,1.5) (1,1.5) } node [rotate=100] {tikz draw [-{Stealth[length=7mm, width=10mm]}](0,0);} ;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
This is overall a great answer but it neststikzpictures
. You could easily avoid this while avoiding to hard-code the rotation angle of the arrow head.
– marmot
2 hours ago
2
@marmot I'm actually thinking about forbidding nesting in a future version of PGF. It's just not fixable and always calls for trouble.
– Henri Menke
1 hour ago
@HenriMenke I would not object but would like to make sure that certain standard packages liketcolorbox
and so on won't break. Please not also that thetikzmark
library has means to provide a fairly safe nesting, so IMHO it would be nice to have switches that continue to allow nestingtikzpictures
for those who know what they are doing. But I agree that by default it should at least trigger a warning.
– marmot
1 hour ago
add a comment |
Here is a slight extension of Milo's nice answer. The main differences (improvements?) are:
- I rewrote Alain Matthes' nice answer to allow for arbitrary functions determining the line width. Previously it was a linearly dependence, now it can be an arbitrary function such as a sine. All you need to do is to say
declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
. Apart from that, I made the code a bit more general, increased its speed (I think) and got rid ofmakeatletter
since there was nothing that cannot be achieved with commands not containing@
s. - This variation also does not nest
tizpicture
s. Rather, the arrows a re attached in the usual way, and can be even bent.
Here's how this works
- You need to find a function that determines how thick the line is at a given position of the path. This function has the name
varyinglw
. It's argument runs from 0 to 100. So if the function has a maximum at 50, the path will have reached its maximal width in the middle. An example for a function with this feature isdeclare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
below. If you want to use different functions, use scopes. Unfortunately I do not now how one can reset functions that are declared withdeclare functions
. Therefore you should keep your functions local. - If you have a very long path, you may want to increase the number of segments since otherwise it won't look smooth any more. This can be done by saying e.g.
/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180
as in the examples below. - Other than that you can use pretty much any path.
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta,bending}
begin{document}
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in=startcolor,
start color=black,
end color/.store in=endcolor,
end color=black,
varying line width steps/.initial=100
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=0pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathparse{pgfdecoratedpathlength/pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps}}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=increment pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathsetmacro{x}{x+increment}
},next state=line]{%
pgfmathparse{ifthenelse(x<pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt,varyinglw(100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)),
varyinglw(100*((pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt)/pgfdecoratedpathlength))*(pgfdecoratedpathlength-x)/14) )}
pgfsetlinewidth{pgfmathresult pt}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{steplength}{1.4*increment}
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{steplength pt}{0pt}}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
color{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
begin{tikzpicture}[varying arrow/.style={-{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]},
postaction={/utils/exec=pgfsetarrows{-},decorate,decoration={width and color change}}
}]
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=red,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(7.2*x);},xshift=6cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=red]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(5.6*x);},xshift=12cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
ALTERNATIVE: Some additional possibilities arise with the calligraphy
library. (If I understand correctly, currently you need to download the latest version from this repository.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usepackage{spath3}
usetikzlibrary{calligraphy} % need to download the repository from https://github.com/loopspace/spath3
% run "tex spath3.dtx" and then copy the spath3.sty file in the same directory
% as the tex file
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending,decorations.pathreplacing}
tikzset{calligraph/.style={postaction={decorate,decoration={show path construction,
moveto code={},
lineto code={},
curveto code={
calligraphy (tikzinputsegmentfirst) .. controls
(tikzinputsegmentsupporta) and (tikzinputsegmentsupportb)
..(tikzinputsegmentlast);
},
closepath code={}}}}
}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
end{tikzpicture}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150]
++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=45] ++ (1,-2);
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
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This isn't a complete answer. But as a proof of concept, I tried adapting this answer from Stroke with variable thickness to make something like the arrows you want.
documentclass[tikz,margin=0.5cm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta}
makeatletter
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in =startcolor,
end color/.store in =endcolor
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=2pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathdivide{50}{pgfdecoratedpathlength}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=.5pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathadd@{x}{increment}%
letx=pgfmathresult%
}]{%
pgfsetlinewidth{x/20*0.005pt+pgflinewidth}%
pgfsetarrows{-}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{.75pt}{0pt}}%
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
color{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw [line width=2pt, decoration={width and color change,start color=black, end color=black}, decorate,] plot [smooth, tension=1] coordinates { (0,0) (2,0.5) (5,0.7) (3,1.5) (1,1.5) } node [rotate=100] {tikz draw [-{Stealth[length=7mm, width=10mm]}](0,0);} ;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
This is overall a great answer but it neststikzpictures
. You could easily avoid this while avoiding to hard-code the rotation angle of the arrow head.
– marmot
2 hours ago
2
@marmot I'm actually thinking about forbidding nesting in a future version of PGF. It's just not fixable and always calls for trouble.
– Henri Menke
1 hour ago
@HenriMenke I would not object but would like to make sure that certain standard packages liketcolorbox
and so on won't break. Please not also that thetikzmark
library has means to provide a fairly safe nesting, so IMHO it would be nice to have switches that continue to allow nestingtikzpictures
for those who know what they are doing. But I agree that by default it should at least trigger a warning.
– marmot
1 hour ago
add a comment |
This isn't a complete answer. But as a proof of concept, I tried adapting this answer from Stroke with variable thickness to make something like the arrows you want.
documentclass[tikz,margin=0.5cm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta}
makeatletter
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in =startcolor,
end color/.store in =endcolor
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=2pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathdivide{50}{pgfdecoratedpathlength}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=.5pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathadd@{x}{increment}%
letx=pgfmathresult%
}]{%
pgfsetlinewidth{x/20*0.005pt+pgflinewidth}%
pgfsetarrows{-}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{.75pt}{0pt}}%
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
color{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw [line width=2pt, decoration={width and color change,start color=black, end color=black}, decorate,] plot [smooth, tension=1] coordinates { (0,0) (2,0.5) (5,0.7) (3,1.5) (1,1.5) } node [rotate=100] {tikz draw [-{Stealth[length=7mm, width=10mm]}](0,0);} ;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
This is overall a great answer but it neststikzpictures
. You could easily avoid this while avoiding to hard-code the rotation angle of the arrow head.
– marmot
2 hours ago
2
@marmot I'm actually thinking about forbidding nesting in a future version of PGF. It's just not fixable and always calls for trouble.
– Henri Menke
1 hour ago
@HenriMenke I would not object but would like to make sure that certain standard packages liketcolorbox
and so on won't break. Please not also that thetikzmark
library has means to provide a fairly safe nesting, so IMHO it would be nice to have switches that continue to allow nestingtikzpictures
for those who know what they are doing. But I agree that by default it should at least trigger a warning.
– marmot
1 hour ago
add a comment |
This isn't a complete answer. But as a proof of concept, I tried adapting this answer from Stroke with variable thickness to make something like the arrows you want.
documentclass[tikz,margin=0.5cm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta}
makeatletter
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in =startcolor,
end color/.store in =endcolor
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=2pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathdivide{50}{pgfdecoratedpathlength}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=.5pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathadd@{x}{increment}%
letx=pgfmathresult%
}]{%
pgfsetlinewidth{x/20*0.005pt+pgflinewidth}%
pgfsetarrows{-}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{.75pt}{0pt}}%
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
color{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw [line width=2pt, decoration={width and color change,start color=black, end color=black}, decorate,] plot [smooth, tension=1] coordinates { (0,0) (2,0.5) (5,0.7) (3,1.5) (1,1.5) } node [rotate=100] {tikz draw [-{Stealth[length=7mm, width=10mm]}](0,0);} ;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
This isn't a complete answer. But as a proof of concept, I tried adapting this answer from Stroke with variable thickness to make something like the arrows you want.
documentclass[tikz,margin=0.5cm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta}
makeatletter
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in =startcolor,
end color/.store in =endcolor
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=2pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathdivide{50}{pgfdecoratedpathlength}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=.5pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathadd@{x}{increment}%
letx=pgfmathresult%
}]{%
pgfsetlinewidth{x/20*0.005pt+pgflinewidth}%
pgfsetarrows{-}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{.75pt}{0pt}}%
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
color{endcolor!x!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
makeatother
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw [line width=2pt, decoration={width and color change,start color=black, end color=black}, decorate,] plot [smooth, tension=1] coordinates { (0,0) (2,0.5) (5,0.7) (3,1.5) (1,1.5) } node [rotate=100] {tikz draw [-{Stealth[length=7mm, width=10mm]}](0,0);} ;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
answered 4 hours ago
MiloMilo
6,07021548
6,07021548
This is overall a great answer but it neststikzpictures
. You could easily avoid this while avoiding to hard-code the rotation angle of the arrow head.
– marmot
2 hours ago
2
@marmot I'm actually thinking about forbidding nesting in a future version of PGF. It's just not fixable and always calls for trouble.
– Henri Menke
1 hour ago
@HenriMenke I would not object but would like to make sure that certain standard packages liketcolorbox
and so on won't break. Please not also that thetikzmark
library has means to provide a fairly safe nesting, so IMHO it would be nice to have switches that continue to allow nestingtikzpictures
for those who know what they are doing. But I agree that by default it should at least trigger a warning.
– marmot
1 hour ago
add a comment |
This is overall a great answer but it neststikzpictures
. You could easily avoid this while avoiding to hard-code the rotation angle of the arrow head.
– marmot
2 hours ago
2
@marmot I'm actually thinking about forbidding nesting in a future version of PGF. It's just not fixable and always calls for trouble.
– Henri Menke
1 hour ago
@HenriMenke I would not object but would like to make sure that certain standard packages liketcolorbox
and so on won't break. Please not also that thetikzmark
library has means to provide a fairly safe nesting, so IMHO it would be nice to have switches that continue to allow nestingtikzpictures
for those who know what they are doing. But I agree that by default it should at least trigger a warning.
– marmot
1 hour ago
This is overall a great answer but it nests
tikzpictures
. You could easily avoid this while avoiding to hard-code the rotation angle of the arrow head.– marmot
2 hours ago
This is overall a great answer but it nests
tikzpictures
. You could easily avoid this while avoiding to hard-code the rotation angle of the arrow head.– marmot
2 hours ago
2
2
@marmot I'm actually thinking about forbidding nesting in a future version of PGF. It's just not fixable and always calls for trouble.
– Henri Menke
1 hour ago
@marmot I'm actually thinking about forbidding nesting in a future version of PGF. It's just not fixable and always calls for trouble.
– Henri Menke
1 hour ago
@HenriMenke I would not object but would like to make sure that certain standard packages like
tcolorbox
and so on won't break. Please not also that the tikzmark
library has means to provide a fairly safe nesting, so IMHO it would be nice to have switches that continue to allow nesting tikzpictures
for those who know what they are doing. But I agree that by default it should at least trigger a warning.– marmot
1 hour ago
@HenriMenke I would not object but would like to make sure that certain standard packages like
tcolorbox
and so on won't break. Please not also that the tikzmark
library has means to provide a fairly safe nesting, so IMHO it would be nice to have switches that continue to allow nesting tikzpictures
for those who know what they are doing. But I agree that by default it should at least trigger a warning.– marmot
1 hour ago
add a comment |
Here is a slight extension of Milo's nice answer. The main differences (improvements?) are:
- I rewrote Alain Matthes' nice answer to allow for arbitrary functions determining the line width. Previously it was a linearly dependence, now it can be an arbitrary function such as a sine. All you need to do is to say
declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
. Apart from that, I made the code a bit more general, increased its speed (I think) and got rid ofmakeatletter
since there was nothing that cannot be achieved with commands not containing@
s. - This variation also does not nest
tizpicture
s. Rather, the arrows a re attached in the usual way, and can be even bent.
Here's how this works
- You need to find a function that determines how thick the line is at a given position of the path. This function has the name
varyinglw
. It's argument runs from 0 to 100. So if the function has a maximum at 50, the path will have reached its maximal width in the middle. An example for a function with this feature isdeclare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
below. If you want to use different functions, use scopes. Unfortunately I do not now how one can reset functions that are declared withdeclare functions
. Therefore you should keep your functions local. - If you have a very long path, you may want to increase the number of segments since otherwise it won't look smooth any more. This can be done by saying e.g.
/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180
as in the examples below. - Other than that you can use pretty much any path.
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta,bending}
begin{document}
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in=startcolor,
start color=black,
end color/.store in=endcolor,
end color=black,
varying line width steps/.initial=100
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=0pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathparse{pgfdecoratedpathlength/pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps}}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=increment pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathsetmacro{x}{x+increment}
},next state=line]{%
pgfmathparse{ifthenelse(x<pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt,varyinglw(100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)),
varyinglw(100*((pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt)/pgfdecoratedpathlength))*(pgfdecoratedpathlength-x)/14) )}
pgfsetlinewidth{pgfmathresult pt}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{steplength}{1.4*increment}
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{steplength pt}{0pt}}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
color{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
begin{tikzpicture}[varying arrow/.style={-{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]},
postaction={/utils/exec=pgfsetarrows{-},decorate,decoration={width and color change}}
}]
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=red,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(7.2*x);},xshift=6cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=red]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(5.6*x);},xshift=12cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
ALTERNATIVE: Some additional possibilities arise with the calligraphy
library. (If I understand correctly, currently you need to download the latest version from this repository.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usepackage{spath3}
usetikzlibrary{calligraphy} % need to download the repository from https://github.com/loopspace/spath3
% run "tex spath3.dtx" and then copy the spath3.sty file in the same directory
% as the tex file
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending,decorations.pathreplacing}
tikzset{calligraph/.style={postaction={decorate,decoration={show path construction,
moveto code={},
lineto code={},
curveto code={
calligraphy (tikzinputsegmentfirst) .. controls
(tikzinputsegmentsupporta) and (tikzinputsegmentsupportb)
..(tikzinputsegmentlast);
},
closepath code={}}}}
}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
end{tikzpicture}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150]
++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=45] ++ (1,-2);
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
add a comment |
Here is a slight extension of Milo's nice answer. The main differences (improvements?) are:
- I rewrote Alain Matthes' nice answer to allow for arbitrary functions determining the line width. Previously it was a linearly dependence, now it can be an arbitrary function such as a sine. All you need to do is to say
declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
. Apart from that, I made the code a bit more general, increased its speed (I think) and got rid ofmakeatletter
since there was nothing that cannot be achieved with commands not containing@
s. - This variation also does not nest
tizpicture
s. Rather, the arrows a re attached in the usual way, and can be even bent.
Here's how this works
- You need to find a function that determines how thick the line is at a given position of the path. This function has the name
varyinglw
. It's argument runs from 0 to 100. So if the function has a maximum at 50, the path will have reached its maximal width in the middle. An example for a function with this feature isdeclare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
below. If you want to use different functions, use scopes. Unfortunately I do not now how one can reset functions that are declared withdeclare functions
. Therefore you should keep your functions local. - If you have a very long path, you may want to increase the number of segments since otherwise it won't look smooth any more. This can be done by saying e.g.
/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180
as in the examples below. - Other than that you can use pretty much any path.
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta,bending}
begin{document}
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in=startcolor,
start color=black,
end color/.store in=endcolor,
end color=black,
varying line width steps/.initial=100
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=0pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathparse{pgfdecoratedpathlength/pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps}}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=increment pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathsetmacro{x}{x+increment}
},next state=line]{%
pgfmathparse{ifthenelse(x<pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt,varyinglw(100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)),
varyinglw(100*((pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt)/pgfdecoratedpathlength))*(pgfdecoratedpathlength-x)/14) )}
pgfsetlinewidth{pgfmathresult pt}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{steplength}{1.4*increment}
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{steplength pt}{0pt}}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
color{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
begin{tikzpicture}[varying arrow/.style={-{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]},
postaction={/utils/exec=pgfsetarrows{-},decorate,decoration={width and color change}}
}]
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=red,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(7.2*x);},xshift=6cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=red]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(5.6*x);},xshift=12cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
ALTERNATIVE: Some additional possibilities arise with the calligraphy
library. (If I understand correctly, currently you need to download the latest version from this repository.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usepackage{spath3}
usetikzlibrary{calligraphy} % need to download the repository from https://github.com/loopspace/spath3
% run "tex spath3.dtx" and then copy the spath3.sty file in the same directory
% as the tex file
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending,decorations.pathreplacing}
tikzset{calligraph/.style={postaction={decorate,decoration={show path construction,
moveto code={},
lineto code={},
curveto code={
calligraphy (tikzinputsegmentfirst) .. controls
(tikzinputsegmentsupporta) and (tikzinputsegmentsupportb)
..(tikzinputsegmentlast);
},
closepath code={}}}}
}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
end{tikzpicture}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150]
++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=45] ++ (1,-2);
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
add a comment |
Here is a slight extension of Milo's nice answer. The main differences (improvements?) are:
- I rewrote Alain Matthes' nice answer to allow for arbitrary functions determining the line width. Previously it was a linearly dependence, now it can be an arbitrary function such as a sine. All you need to do is to say
declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
. Apart from that, I made the code a bit more general, increased its speed (I think) and got rid ofmakeatletter
since there was nothing that cannot be achieved with commands not containing@
s. - This variation also does not nest
tizpicture
s. Rather, the arrows a re attached in the usual way, and can be even bent.
Here's how this works
- You need to find a function that determines how thick the line is at a given position of the path. This function has the name
varyinglw
. It's argument runs from 0 to 100. So if the function has a maximum at 50, the path will have reached its maximal width in the middle. An example for a function with this feature isdeclare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
below. If you want to use different functions, use scopes. Unfortunately I do not now how one can reset functions that are declared withdeclare functions
. Therefore you should keep your functions local. - If you have a very long path, you may want to increase the number of segments since otherwise it won't look smooth any more. This can be done by saying e.g.
/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180
as in the examples below. - Other than that you can use pretty much any path.
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta,bending}
begin{document}
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in=startcolor,
start color=black,
end color/.store in=endcolor,
end color=black,
varying line width steps/.initial=100
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=0pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathparse{pgfdecoratedpathlength/pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps}}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=increment pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathsetmacro{x}{x+increment}
},next state=line]{%
pgfmathparse{ifthenelse(x<pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt,varyinglw(100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)),
varyinglw(100*((pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt)/pgfdecoratedpathlength))*(pgfdecoratedpathlength-x)/14) )}
pgfsetlinewidth{pgfmathresult pt}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{steplength}{1.4*increment}
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{steplength pt}{0pt}}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
color{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
begin{tikzpicture}[varying arrow/.style={-{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]},
postaction={/utils/exec=pgfsetarrows{-},decorate,decoration={width and color change}}
}]
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=red,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(7.2*x);},xshift=6cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=red]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(5.6*x);},xshift=12cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
ALTERNATIVE: Some additional possibilities arise with the calligraphy
library. (If I understand correctly, currently you need to download the latest version from this repository.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usepackage{spath3}
usetikzlibrary{calligraphy} % need to download the repository from https://github.com/loopspace/spath3
% run "tex spath3.dtx" and then copy the spath3.sty file in the same directory
% as the tex file
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending,decorations.pathreplacing}
tikzset{calligraph/.style={postaction={decorate,decoration={show path construction,
moveto code={},
lineto code={},
curveto code={
calligraphy (tikzinputsegmentfirst) .. controls
(tikzinputsegmentsupporta) and (tikzinputsegmentsupportb)
..(tikzinputsegmentlast);
},
closepath code={}}}}
}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
end{tikzpicture}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150]
++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=45] ++ (1,-2);
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
Here is a slight extension of Milo's nice answer. The main differences (improvements?) are:
- I rewrote Alain Matthes' nice answer to allow for arbitrary functions determining the line width. Previously it was a linearly dependence, now it can be an arbitrary function such as a sine. All you need to do is to say
declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
. Apart from that, I made the code a bit more general, increased its speed (I think) and got rid ofmakeatletter
since there was nothing that cannot be achieved with commands not containing@
s. - This variation also does not nest
tizpicture
s. Rather, the arrows a re attached in the usual way, and can be even bent.
Here's how this works
- You need to find a function that determines how thick the line is at a given position of the path. This function has the name
varyinglw
. It's argument runs from 0 to 100. So if the function has a maximum at 50, the path will have reached its maximal width in the middle. An example for a function with this feature isdeclare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}
below. If you want to use different functions, use scopes. Unfortunately I do not now how one can reset functions that are declared withdeclare functions
. Therefore you should keep your functions local. - If you have a very long path, you may want to increase the number of segments since otherwise it won't look smooth any more. This can be done by saying e.g.
/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180
as in the examples below. - Other than that you can use pretty much any path.
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows.meta,bending}
begin{document}
pgfkeys{/pgf/decoration/.cd,
start color/.store in=startcolor,
start color=black,
end color/.store in=endcolor,
end color=black,
varying line width steps/.initial=100
}
pgfdeclaredecoration{width and color change}{initial}{
state{initial}[width=0pt, next state=line, persistent precomputation={%
pgfmathparse{pgfdecoratedpathlength/pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps}}%
letincrement=pgfmathresult%
defx{0}%
}]{}
state{line}[width=increment pt, persistent postcomputation={%
pgfmathsetmacro{x}{x+increment}
},next state=line]{%
pgfmathparse{ifthenelse(x<pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt,varyinglw(100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)),
varyinglw(100*((pgfdecoratedpathlength-14pt)/pgfdecoratedpathlength))*(pgfdecoratedpathlength-x)/14) )}
pgfsetlinewidth{pgfmathresult pt}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{steplength}{1.4*increment}
pgfpathlineto{pgfqpoint{steplength pt}{0pt}}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
pgfsetstrokecolor{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
state{final}{%
pgfsetlinewidth{pgflinewidth}%
pgfpathmoveto{pgfpointorigin}%
pgfmathsetmacro{y}{100*(x/pgfdecoratedpathlength)}
color{endcolor!y!startcolor}%
pgfusepath{stroke}%
}
}
begin{tikzpicture}[varying arrow/.style={-{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]},
postaction={/utils/exec=pgfsetarrows{-},decorate,decoration={width and color change}}
}]
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=1+6*sin(1.8*x);}]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=red,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(7.2*x);},xshift=6cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=red]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
begin{scope}[declare function={varyinglw(x)=4-3*cos(5.6*x);},xshift=12cm]
draw[varying arrow] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180]
(0,-3) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0)
to[out=45,in=45] ++ (-2,1);
draw[varying arrow,/pgf/decoration/varying line width steps=180,
/pgf/decoration/start color=yellow,/pgf/decoration/end color=blue]
(0,-5) to[out=15,in=165] ++ (2,0) to[out=-15,in=90] ++ (1,-1)
to[out=-90,in=-20] ++ (-1.5,0);
end{scope}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
ALTERNATIVE: Some additional possibilities arise with the calligraphy
library. (If I understand correctly, currently you need to download the latest version from this repository.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usepackage{spath3}
usetikzlibrary{calligraphy} % need to download the repository from https://github.com/loopspace/spath3
% run "tex spath3.dtx" and then copy the spath3.sty file in the same directory
% as the tex file
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending,decorations.pathreplacing}
tikzset{calligraph/.style={postaction={decorate,decoration={show path construction,
moveto code={},
lineto code={},
curveto code={
calligraphy (tikzinputsegmentfirst) .. controls
(tikzinputsegmentsupporta) and (tikzinputsegmentsupportb)
..(tikzinputsegmentlast);
},
closepath code={}}}}
}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150] ++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=-135] ++ (3,0);
end{tikzpicture}
begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]
pen (-135:.125) -- (45:.125) ;
draw[calligraph,{Stealth[length=5mm,width=3.2mm,bend]}-] (0,0) to[out=45,in=150]
++ (1.5,0) to[out=-30,in=45] ++ (1,-2);
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
edited 26 mins ago
answered 3 hours ago
marmotmarmot
93.3k4109204
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sorciotto is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
sorciotto is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
sorciotto is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
sorciotto is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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