Relating to the President and obstruction, were Mueller's conclusions preordained?












7















On Page 2 of Volume II, Mueller writes:



Mueller Redacted report



(emphasis added)



Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?










share|improve this question





























    7















    On Page 2 of Volume II, Mueller writes:



    Mueller Redacted report



    (emphasis added)



    Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?










    share|improve this question



























      7












      7








      7








      On Page 2 of Volume II, Mueller writes:



      Mueller Redacted report



      (emphasis added)



      Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?










      share|improve this question
















      On Page 2 of Volume II, Mueller writes:



      Mueller Redacted report



      (emphasis added)



      Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?







      united-states mueller-investigation






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited 6 hours ago









      JJJ

      7,25522660




      7,25522660










      asked 6 hours ago









      BobEBobE

      3,0291930




      3,0291930






















          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          8














          Yes, but. Mueller made it crystal clear that he abided by the Department of Justice policy that a sitting president cannot be indicted -- or at least should not, because it basically gets in the way of running the country. That being said, take a look at footnote #1,091, which essentially invites to indict Trump once he's no longer in office.



          The text in footnote 1091 on page 178 of the second volume reads:




          A possible remedy through impeachment for abuses of power would not substitute for potential
          criminal liability after a President leaves office. Impeachment would remove a President from office, but
          would not address the underlying culpability of the conduct or serve the usual purposes of the criminal law.
          Indeed, the Impeachment Judgment Clause recognizes that criminal law plays an independent role in
          addressing an official’s conduct, distinct from the political remedy of impeachment. See U.S. CONST. ART.
          I, § 3, cl. 7. Impeachment is also a drastic and rarely invoked remedy, and Congress is not restricted to
          relying only on impeachment, rather than making criminal law applicable to a former President, as OLC
          has recognized. A Sitting President’s Amenability to Indictment and Criminal Prosecution, 24 Op. O.L.C.
          at 255 (“Recognizing an immunity from prosecution for a sitting President would not preclude such
          prosecution once the President’s term is over or he is otherwise removed from office by resignation or
          impeachment.
          ”).




          Also, there's a nugget on page 8 of volume II:




          if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit obstruction of justice, we would so state.







          share|improve this answer


























          • I took the liberty of adding the note you refer to, it was a bit ambiguous as there's another footnote 1091 in the first volume that wasn't as interesting. ;)

            – JJJ
            6 hours ago













          • @JJJ - Just noticed. Thanks for digging it up!

            – Denis de Bernardy
            6 hours ago











          • Yes, there are other avenues of addressing this "conduct", however true that might be, Rosenstein knew at the outset that Mueller would not challenge the Justice's OLC opinion (the basis for the policy). BTW, the 2000 OLC affirmation of the 1973 opinion creates a whole other discussion regarding the right of the states to indict a sitting president (subject of a future question)

            – BobE
            4 hours ago











          • @BobE: On a completely off topic note, I just noticed that nearly all of your questions haven't had an accepted answer. You might want to go through them one by one -- if only where you were happy with the reply. At the moment the site is small so it doesn't matter that much, but when it gets bigger at one point or another experienced users will check your profile before answering.

            – Denis de Bernardy
            4 hours ago













          • Will do - (nice to have someone looking out for me - Ha!)

            – BobE
            3 hours ago



















          3














          Mueller wasn't as hamstrung as you suggest. The fact that he detailed (at least) 10 probable obstruction of justice causes against Trump means obviously he did look into indictable offenses, even if he himself could not indict the president (following the DOJ doctrine that a sitting president may not be indicted).



          Most of the legal and journalistic opinion I've seen interprets Mueller's report as passing the buck to Congress for acting on those findings, especially based on the quote that JJJ gave in his own anwer. See e.g. The Atlantic "The Mueller Report Is an Impeachment Referral
          " or Vox quoting Miriam Baer, law professor, Brooklyn Law School: "President Trump’s supporters can call it an exoneration, but his opponents may well view it as a road map for impeachment."



          The fact that Mueller suggested that Trump might even be criminally prosecuted after leaving office (in the quote JJJ added to Denis' answer) is the icing on the cake so to speak.



          And if that's not enough, Mueller report also discusses whether attempted obstruction is indictable, and concludes that it is. This is quite relevant because Mueller concluded that in a lot of the probable causes his report discusses, Trump tried to do something usually by requesting or instructing his underlings, but often enough they refused to follow through. The report summarized that as:




          The President's efforts to influence the investigation were mostly unsuccessful, but that is largely because the persons who surrounded the President declined to carry out orders or accede to his requests[.]




          Mueller's report also dedicates quite some space (23 pages) to refuting the idea (advanced by Giuliani and Dershowitz of Trump's legal team) that a sitting president cannot obstruct justice in any acts related to the exercise of his constitutional powers. Mueller's conclusion in that regard is that:




          A preclusion of ‘corrupt’ official action is not a major intrusion on Article II powers. [...] For example, the proper supervision of criminal law does not demand freedom for the President to act with the intention of shielding himself from criminal punishment, avoiding financial liability, or preventing personal embarrassment.




          You can probably see now why an attorney called the Mueller report "an indictment in all but the formalities." Not only does the report cover some probable causes, but it also contains legal theory arguments why those causes would be indictable. Ultimately however, in Mueller's view, the sitting president not being indictable according to DOJ doctrine trumps those other considerations. But this is quite different from just asserting the non-indictable sitting-president issue and not bothering with any further investigation.






          share|improve this answer


























          • And the cherry on top of the icing, from Politico: "Mueller can take credit for spawning significant parts of SDNY’s work. The two DOJ units have shared staff, witnesses and leads, and SDNY has been well-positioned to pick up anything that is outside Mueller’s primary lane of investigating collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia."

            – JJJ
            1 hour ago



















          2















          Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?




          Yes, it does. Page 8 (page 220 in the pdf) of the second volume contains the following lines (just before the conclusion heading):




          Finally, we concluded that in the rare case in
          which a criminal investigation of the President’s conduct is justified, inquiries to determine
          whether the President acted for a corrupt motive should not impermissibly chill his performance
          of his constitutionally assigned duties. The conclusion that Congress may apply the obstruction
          laws to the President’s corrupt exercise of the powers of office accords with our constitutional
          system of checks and balances and the principle that no person is above the law.




          I (and some American media outlets, e.g. Vox) interpret that as saying Congress should be the one to determine whether to bring criminal charges. The second volume goes into much more detail, for example under the Legal Defenses To The Application Of Obstruction-Of-Justice Statutes To
          The President
          heading starting on page 159 of the second volume.






          share|improve this answer
























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            3 Answers
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            3 Answers
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            8














            Yes, but. Mueller made it crystal clear that he abided by the Department of Justice policy that a sitting president cannot be indicted -- or at least should not, because it basically gets in the way of running the country. That being said, take a look at footnote #1,091, which essentially invites to indict Trump once he's no longer in office.



            The text in footnote 1091 on page 178 of the second volume reads:




            A possible remedy through impeachment for abuses of power would not substitute for potential
            criminal liability after a President leaves office. Impeachment would remove a President from office, but
            would not address the underlying culpability of the conduct or serve the usual purposes of the criminal law.
            Indeed, the Impeachment Judgment Clause recognizes that criminal law plays an independent role in
            addressing an official’s conduct, distinct from the political remedy of impeachment. See U.S. CONST. ART.
            I, § 3, cl. 7. Impeachment is also a drastic and rarely invoked remedy, and Congress is not restricted to
            relying only on impeachment, rather than making criminal law applicable to a former President, as OLC
            has recognized. A Sitting President’s Amenability to Indictment and Criminal Prosecution, 24 Op. O.L.C.
            at 255 (“Recognizing an immunity from prosecution for a sitting President would not preclude such
            prosecution once the President’s term is over or he is otherwise removed from office by resignation or
            impeachment.
            ”).




            Also, there's a nugget on page 8 of volume II:




            if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit obstruction of justice, we would so state.







            share|improve this answer


























            • I took the liberty of adding the note you refer to, it was a bit ambiguous as there's another footnote 1091 in the first volume that wasn't as interesting. ;)

              – JJJ
              6 hours ago













            • @JJJ - Just noticed. Thanks for digging it up!

              – Denis de Bernardy
              6 hours ago











            • Yes, there are other avenues of addressing this "conduct", however true that might be, Rosenstein knew at the outset that Mueller would not challenge the Justice's OLC opinion (the basis for the policy). BTW, the 2000 OLC affirmation of the 1973 opinion creates a whole other discussion regarding the right of the states to indict a sitting president (subject of a future question)

              – BobE
              4 hours ago











            • @BobE: On a completely off topic note, I just noticed that nearly all of your questions haven't had an accepted answer. You might want to go through them one by one -- if only where you were happy with the reply. At the moment the site is small so it doesn't matter that much, but when it gets bigger at one point or another experienced users will check your profile before answering.

              – Denis de Bernardy
              4 hours ago













            • Will do - (nice to have someone looking out for me - Ha!)

              – BobE
              3 hours ago
















            8














            Yes, but. Mueller made it crystal clear that he abided by the Department of Justice policy that a sitting president cannot be indicted -- or at least should not, because it basically gets in the way of running the country. That being said, take a look at footnote #1,091, which essentially invites to indict Trump once he's no longer in office.



            The text in footnote 1091 on page 178 of the second volume reads:




            A possible remedy through impeachment for abuses of power would not substitute for potential
            criminal liability after a President leaves office. Impeachment would remove a President from office, but
            would not address the underlying culpability of the conduct or serve the usual purposes of the criminal law.
            Indeed, the Impeachment Judgment Clause recognizes that criminal law plays an independent role in
            addressing an official’s conduct, distinct from the political remedy of impeachment. See U.S. CONST. ART.
            I, § 3, cl. 7. Impeachment is also a drastic and rarely invoked remedy, and Congress is not restricted to
            relying only on impeachment, rather than making criminal law applicable to a former President, as OLC
            has recognized. A Sitting President’s Amenability to Indictment and Criminal Prosecution, 24 Op. O.L.C.
            at 255 (“Recognizing an immunity from prosecution for a sitting President would not preclude such
            prosecution once the President’s term is over or he is otherwise removed from office by resignation or
            impeachment.
            ”).




            Also, there's a nugget on page 8 of volume II:




            if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit obstruction of justice, we would so state.







            share|improve this answer


























            • I took the liberty of adding the note you refer to, it was a bit ambiguous as there's another footnote 1091 in the first volume that wasn't as interesting. ;)

              – JJJ
              6 hours ago













            • @JJJ - Just noticed. Thanks for digging it up!

              – Denis de Bernardy
              6 hours ago











            • Yes, there are other avenues of addressing this "conduct", however true that might be, Rosenstein knew at the outset that Mueller would not challenge the Justice's OLC opinion (the basis for the policy). BTW, the 2000 OLC affirmation of the 1973 opinion creates a whole other discussion regarding the right of the states to indict a sitting president (subject of a future question)

              – BobE
              4 hours ago











            • @BobE: On a completely off topic note, I just noticed that nearly all of your questions haven't had an accepted answer. You might want to go through them one by one -- if only where you were happy with the reply. At the moment the site is small so it doesn't matter that much, but when it gets bigger at one point or another experienced users will check your profile before answering.

              – Denis de Bernardy
              4 hours ago













            • Will do - (nice to have someone looking out for me - Ha!)

              – BobE
              3 hours ago














            8












            8








            8







            Yes, but. Mueller made it crystal clear that he abided by the Department of Justice policy that a sitting president cannot be indicted -- or at least should not, because it basically gets in the way of running the country. That being said, take a look at footnote #1,091, which essentially invites to indict Trump once he's no longer in office.



            The text in footnote 1091 on page 178 of the second volume reads:




            A possible remedy through impeachment for abuses of power would not substitute for potential
            criminal liability after a President leaves office. Impeachment would remove a President from office, but
            would not address the underlying culpability of the conduct or serve the usual purposes of the criminal law.
            Indeed, the Impeachment Judgment Clause recognizes that criminal law plays an independent role in
            addressing an official’s conduct, distinct from the political remedy of impeachment. See U.S. CONST. ART.
            I, § 3, cl. 7. Impeachment is also a drastic and rarely invoked remedy, and Congress is not restricted to
            relying only on impeachment, rather than making criminal law applicable to a former President, as OLC
            has recognized. A Sitting President’s Amenability to Indictment and Criminal Prosecution, 24 Op. O.L.C.
            at 255 (“Recognizing an immunity from prosecution for a sitting President would not preclude such
            prosecution once the President’s term is over or he is otherwise removed from office by resignation or
            impeachment.
            ”).




            Also, there's a nugget on page 8 of volume II:




            if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit obstruction of justice, we would so state.







            share|improve this answer















            Yes, but. Mueller made it crystal clear that he abided by the Department of Justice policy that a sitting president cannot be indicted -- or at least should not, because it basically gets in the way of running the country. That being said, take a look at footnote #1,091, which essentially invites to indict Trump once he's no longer in office.



            The text in footnote 1091 on page 178 of the second volume reads:




            A possible remedy through impeachment for abuses of power would not substitute for potential
            criminal liability after a President leaves office. Impeachment would remove a President from office, but
            would not address the underlying culpability of the conduct or serve the usual purposes of the criminal law.
            Indeed, the Impeachment Judgment Clause recognizes that criminal law plays an independent role in
            addressing an official’s conduct, distinct from the political remedy of impeachment. See U.S. CONST. ART.
            I, § 3, cl. 7. Impeachment is also a drastic and rarely invoked remedy, and Congress is not restricted to
            relying only on impeachment, rather than making criminal law applicable to a former President, as OLC
            has recognized. A Sitting President’s Amenability to Indictment and Criminal Prosecution, 24 Op. O.L.C.
            at 255 (“Recognizing an immunity from prosecution for a sitting President would not preclude such
            prosecution once the President’s term is over or he is otherwise removed from office by resignation or
            impeachment.
            ”).




            Also, there's a nugget on page 8 of volume II:




            if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit obstruction of justice, we would so state.








            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited 5 hours ago









            Alexander O'Mara

            2,75411320




            2,75411320










            answered 6 hours ago









            Denis de BernardyDenis de Bernardy

            15.5k34270




            15.5k34270













            • I took the liberty of adding the note you refer to, it was a bit ambiguous as there's another footnote 1091 in the first volume that wasn't as interesting. ;)

              – JJJ
              6 hours ago













            • @JJJ - Just noticed. Thanks for digging it up!

              – Denis de Bernardy
              6 hours ago











            • Yes, there are other avenues of addressing this "conduct", however true that might be, Rosenstein knew at the outset that Mueller would not challenge the Justice's OLC opinion (the basis for the policy). BTW, the 2000 OLC affirmation of the 1973 opinion creates a whole other discussion regarding the right of the states to indict a sitting president (subject of a future question)

              – BobE
              4 hours ago











            • @BobE: On a completely off topic note, I just noticed that nearly all of your questions haven't had an accepted answer. You might want to go through them one by one -- if only where you were happy with the reply. At the moment the site is small so it doesn't matter that much, but when it gets bigger at one point or another experienced users will check your profile before answering.

              – Denis de Bernardy
              4 hours ago













            • Will do - (nice to have someone looking out for me - Ha!)

              – BobE
              3 hours ago



















            • I took the liberty of adding the note you refer to, it was a bit ambiguous as there's another footnote 1091 in the first volume that wasn't as interesting. ;)

              – JJJ
              6 hours ago













            • @JJJ - Just noticed. Thanks for digging it up!

              – Denis de Bernardy
              6 hours ago











            • Yes, there are other avenues of addressing this "conduct", however true that might be, Rosenstein knew at the outset that Mueller would not challenge the Justice's OLC opinion (the basis for the policy). BTW, the 2000 OLC affirmation of the 1973 opinion creates a whole other discussion regarding the right of the states to indict a sitting president (subject of a future question)

              – BobE
              4 hours ago











            • @BobE: On a completely off topic note, I just noticed that nearly all of your questions haven't had an accepted answer. You might want to go through them one by one -- if only where you were happy with the reply. At the moment the site is small so it doesn't matter that much, but when it gets bigger at one point or another experienced users will check your profile before answering.

              – Denis de Bernardy
              4 hours ago













            • Will do - (nice to have someone looking out for me - Ha!)

              – BobE
              3 hours ago

















            I took the liberty of adding the note you refer to, it was a bit ambiguous as there's another footnote 1091 in the first volume that wasn't as interesting. ;)

            – JJJ
            6 hours ago







            I took the liberty of adding the note you refer to, it was a bit ambiguous as there's another footnote 1091 in the first volume that wasn't as interesting. ;)

            – JJJ
            6 hours ago















            @JJJ - Just noticed. Thanks for digging it up!

            – Denis de Bernardy
            6 hours ago





            @JJJ - Just noticed. Thanks for digging it up!

            – Denis de Bernardy
            6 hours ago













            Yes, there are other avenues of addressing this "conduct", however true that might be, Rosenstein knew at the outset that Mueller would not challenge the Justice's OLC opinion (the basis for the policy). BTW, the 2000 OLC affirmation of the 1973 opinion creates a whole other discussion regarding the right of the states to indict a sitting president (subject of a future question)

            – BobE
            4 hours ago





            Yes, there are other avenues of addressing this "conduct", however true that might be, Rosenstein knew at the outset that Mueller would not challenge the Justice's OLC opinion (the basis for the policy). BTW, the 2000 OLC affirmation of the 1973 opinion creates a whole other discussion regarding the right of the states to indict a sitting president (subject of a future question)

            – BobE
            4 hours ago













            @BobE: On a completely off topic note, I just noticed that nearly all of your questions haven't had an accepted answer. You might want to go through them one by one -- if only where you were happy with the reply. At the moment the site is small so it doesn't matter that much, but when it gets bigger at one point or another experienced users will check your profile before answering.

            – Denis de Bernardy
            4 hours ago







            @BobE: On a completely off topic note, I just noticed that nearly all of your questions haven't had an accepted answer. You might want to go through them one by one -- if only where you were happy with the reply. At the moment the site is small so it doesn't matter that much, but when it gets bigger at one point or another experienced users will check your profile before answering.

            – Denis de Bernardy
            4 hours ago















            Will do - (nice to have someone looking out for me - Ha!)

            – BobE
            3 hours ago





            Will do - (nice to have someone looking out for me - Ha!)

            – BobE
            3 hours ago











            3














            Mueller wasn't as hamstrung as you suggest. The fact that he detailed (at least) 10 probable obstruction of justice causes against Trump means obviously he did look into indictable offenses, even if he himself could not indict the president (following the DOJ doctrine that a sitting president may not be indicted).



            Most of the legal and journalistic opinion I've seen interprets Mueller's report as passing the buck to Congress for acting on those findings, especially based on the quote that JJJ gave in his own anwer. See e.g. The Atlantic "The Mueller Report Is an Impeachment Referral
            " or Vox quoting Miriam Baer, law professor, Brooklyn Law School: "President Trump’s supporters can call it an exoneration, but his opponents may well view it as a road map for impeachment."



            The fact that Mueller suggested that Trump might even be criminally prosecuted after leaving office (in the quote JJJ added to Denis' answer) is the icing on the cake so to speak.



            And if that's not enough, Mueller report also discusses whether attempted obstruction is indictable, and concludes that it is. This is quite relevant because Mueller concluded that in a lot of the probable causes his report discusses, Trump tried to do something usually by requesting or instructing his underlings, but often enough they refused to follow through. The report summarized that as:




            The President's efforts to influence the investigation were mostly unsuccessful, but that is largely because the persons who surrounded the President declined to carry out orders or accede to his requests[.]




            Mueller's report also dedicates quite some space (23 pages) to refuting the idea (advanced by Giuliani and Dershowitz of Trump's legal team) that a sitting president cannot obstruct justice in any acts related to the exercise of his constitutional powers. Mueller's conclusion in that regard is that:




            A preclusion of ‘corrupt’ official action is not a major intrusion on Article II powers. [...] For example, the proper supervision of criminal law does not demand freedom for the President to act with the intention of shielding himself from criminal punishment, avoiding financial liability, or preventing personal embarrassment.




            You can probably see now why an attorney called the Mueller report "an indictment in all but the formalities." Not only does the report cover some probable causes, but it also contains legal theory arguments why those causes would be indictable. Ultimately however, in Mueller's view, the sitting president not being indictable according to DOJ doctrine trumps those other considerations. But this is quite different from just asserting the non-indictable sitting-president issue and not bothering with any further investigation.






            share|improve this answer


























            • And the cherry on top of the icing, from Politico: "Mueller can take credit for spawning significant parts of SDNY’s work. The two DOJ units have shared staff, witnesses and leads, and SDNY has been well-positioned to pick up anything that is outside Mueller’s primary lane of investigating collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia."

              – JJJ
              1 hour ago
















            3














            Mueller wasn't as hamstrung as you suggest. The fact that he detailed (at least) 10 probable obstruction of justice causes against Trump means obviously he did look into indictable offenses, even if he himself could not indict the president (following the DOJ doctrine that a sitting president may not be indicted).



            Most of the legal and journalistic opinion I've seen interprets Mueller's report as passing the buck to Congress for acting on those findings, especially based on the quote that JJJ gave in his own anwer. See e.g. The Atlantic "The Mueller Report Is an Impeachment Referral
            " or Vox quoting Miriam Baer, law professor, Brooklyn Law School: "President Trump’s supporters can call it an exoneration, but his opponents may well view it as a road map for impeachment."



            The fact that Mueller suggested that Trump might even be criminally prosecuted after leaving office (in the quote JJJ added to Denis' answer) is the icing on the cake so to speak.



            And if that's not enough, Mueller report also discusses whether attempted obstruction is indictable, and concludes that it is. This is quite relevant because Mueller concluded that in a lot of the probable causes his report discusses, Trump tried to do something usually by requesting or instructing his underlings, but often enough they refused to follow through. The report summarized that as:




            The President's efforts to influence the investigation were mostly unsuccessful, but that is largely because the persons who surrounded the President declined to carry out orders or accede to his requests[.]




            Mueller's report also dedicates quite some space (23 pages) to refuting the idea (advanced by Giuliani and Dershowitz of Trump's legal team) that a sitting president cannot obstruct justice in any acts related to the exercise of his constitutional powers. Mueller's conclusion in that regard is that:




            A preclusion of ‘corrupt’ official action is not a major intrusion on Article II powers. [...] For example, the proper supervision of criminal law does not demand freedom for the President to act with the intention of shielding himself from criminal punishment, avoiding financial liability, or preventing personal embarrassment.




            You can probably see now why an attorney called the Mueller report "an indictment in all but the formalities." Not only does the report cover some probable causes, but it also contains legal theory arguments why those causes would be indictable. Ultimately however, in Mueller's view, the sitting president not being indictable according to DOJ doctrine trumps those other considerations. But this is quite different from just asserting the non-indictable sitting-president issue and not bothering with any further investigation.






            share|improve this answer


























            • And the cherry on top of the icing, from Politico: "Mueller can take credit for spawning significant parts of SDNY’s work. The two DOJ units have shared staff, witnesses and leads, and SDNY has been well-positioned to pick up anything that is outside Mueller’s primary lane of investigating collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia."

              – JJJ
              1 hour ago














            3












            3








            3







            Mueller wasn't as hamstrung as you suggest. The fact that he detailed (at least) 10 probable obstruction of justice causes against Trump means obviously he did look into indictable offenses, even if he himself could not indict the president (following the DOJ doctrine that a sitting president may not be indicted).



            Most of the legal and journalistic opinion I've seen interprets Mueller's report as passing the buck to Congress for acting on those findings, especially based on the quote that JJJ gave in his own anwer. See e.g. The Atlantic "The Mueller Report Is an Impeachment Referral
            " or Vox quoting Miriam Baer, law professor, Brooklyn Law School: "President Trump’s supporters can call it an exoneration, but his opponents may well view it as a road map for impeachment."



            The fact that Mueller suggested that Trump might even be criminally prosecuted after leaving office (in the quote JJJ added to Denis' answer) is the icing on the cake so to speak.



            And if that's not enough, Mueller report also discusses whether attempted obstruction is indictable, and concludes that it is. This is quite relevant because Mueller concluded that in a lot of the probable causes his report discusses, Trump tried to do something usually by requesting or instructing his underlings, but often enough they refused to follow through. The report summarized that as:




            The President's efforts to influence the investigation were mostly unsuccessful, but that is largely because the persons who surrounded the President declined to carry out orders or accede to his requests[.]




            Mueller's report also dedicates quite some space (23 pages) to refuting the idea (advanced by Giuliani and Dershowitz of Trump's legal team) that a sitting president cannot obstruct justice in any acts related to the exercise of his constitutional powers. Mueller's conclusion in that regard is that:




            A preclusion of ‘corrupt’ official action is not a major intrusion on Article II powers. [...] For example, the proper supervision of criminal law does not demand freedom for the President to act with the intention of shielding himself from criminal punishment, avoiding financial liability, or preventing personal embarrassment.




            You can probably see now why an attorney called the Mueller report "an indictment in all but the formalities." Not only does the report cover some probable causes, but it also contains legal theory arguments why those causes would be indictable. Ultimately however, in Mueller's view, the sitting president not being indictable according to DOJ doctrine trumps those other considerations. But this is quite different from just asserting the non-indictable sitting-president issue and not bothering with any further investigation.






            share|improve this answer















            Mueller wasn't as hamstrung as you suggest. The fact that he detailed (at least) 10 probable obstruction of justice causes against Trump means obviously he did look into indictable offenses, even if he himself could not indict the president (following the DOJ doctrine that a sitting president may not be indicted).



            Most of the legal and journalistic opinion I've seen interprets Mueller's report as passing the buck to Congress for acting on those findings, especially based on the quote that JJJ gave in his own anwer. See e.g. The Atlantic "The Mueller Report Is an Impeachment Referral
            " or Vox quoting Miriam Baer, law professor, Brooklyn Law School: "President Trump’s supporters can call it an exoneration, but his opponents may well view it as a road map for impeachment."



            The fact that Mueller suggested that Trump might even be criminally prosecuted after leaving office (in the quote JJJ added to Denis' answer) is the icing on the cake so to speak.



            And if that's not enough, Mueller report also discusses whether attempted obstruction is indictable, and concludes that it is. This is quite relevant because Mueller concluded that in a lot of the probable causes his report discusses, Trump tried to do something usually by requesting or instructing his underlings, but often enough they refused to follow through. The report summarized that as:




            The President's efforts to influence the investigation were mostly unsuccessful, but that is largely because the persons who surrounded the President declined to carry out orders or accede to his requests[.]




            Mueller's report also dedicates quite some space (23 pages) to refuting the idea (advanced by Giuliani and Dershowitz of Trump's legal team) that a sitting president cannot obstruct justice in any acts related to the exercise of his constitutional powers. Mueller's conclusion in that regard is that:




            A preclusion of ‘corrupt’ official action is not a major intrusion on Article II powers. [...] For example, the proper supervision of criminal law does not demand freedom for the President to act with the intention of shielding himself from criminal punishment, avoiding financial liability, or preventing personal embarrassment.




            You can probably see now why an attorney called the Mueller report "an indictment in all but the formalities." Not only does the report cover some probable causes, but it also contains legal theory arguments why those causes would be indictable. Ultimately however, in Mueller's view, the sitting president not being indictable according to DOJ doctrine trumps those other considerations. But this is quite different from just asserting the non-indictable sitting-president issue and not bothering with any further investigation.







            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited 48 mins ago

























            answered 1 hour ago









            FizzFizz

            16.2k241105




            16.2k241105













            • And the cherry on top of the icing, from Politico: "Mueller can take credit for spawning significant parts of SDNY’s work. The two DOJ units have shared staff, witnesses and leads, and SDNY has been well-positioned to pick up anything that is outside Mueller’s primary lane of investigating collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia."

              – JJJ
              1 hour ago



















            • And the cherry on top of the icing, from Politico: "Mueller can take credit for spawning significant parts of SDNY’s work. The two DOJ units have shared staff, witnesses and leads, and SDNY has been well-positioned to pick up anything that is outside Mueller’s primary lane of investigating collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia."

              – JJJ
              1 hour ago

















            And the cherry on top of the icing, from Politico: "Mueller can take credit for spawning significant parts of SDNY’s work. The two DOJ units have shared staff, witnesses and leads, and SDNY has been well-positioned to pick up anything that is outside Mueller’s primary lane of investigating collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia."

            – JJJ
            1 hour ago





            And the cherry on top of the icing, from Politico: "Mueller can take credit for spawning significant parts of SDNY’s work. The two DOJ units have shared staff, witnesses and leads, and SDNY has been well-positioned to pick up anything that is outside Mueller’s primary lane of investigating collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia."

            – JJJ
            1 hour ago











            2















            Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?




            Yes, it does. Page 8 (page 220 in the pdf) of the second volume contains the following lines (just before the conclusion heading):




            Finally, we concluded that in the rare case in
            which a criminal investigation of the President’s conduct is justified, inquiries to determine
            whether the President acted for a corrupt motive should not impermissibly chill his performance
            of his constitutionally assigned duties. The conclusion that Congress may apply the obstruction
            laws to the President’s corrupt exercise of the powers of office accords with our constitutional
            system of checks and balances and the principle that no person is above the law.




            I (and some American media outlets, e.g. Vox) interpret that as saying Congress should be the one to determine whether to bring criminal charges. The second volume goes into much more detail, for example under the Legal Defenses To The Application Of Obstruction-Of-Justice Statutes To
            The President
            heading starting on page 159 of the second volume.






            share|improve this answer




























              2















              Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?




              Yes, it does. Page 8 (page 220 in the pdf) of the second volume contains the following lines (just before the conclusion heading):




              Finally, we concluded that in the rare case in
              which a criminal investigation of the President’s conduct is justified, inquiries to determine
              whether the President acted for a corrupt motive should not impermissibly chill his performance
              of his constitutionally assigned duties. The conclusion that Congress may apply the obstruction
              laws to the President’s corrupt exercise of the powers of office accords with our constitutional
              system of checks and balances and the principle that no person is above the law.




              I (and some American media outlets, e.g. Vox) interpret that as saying Congress should be the one to determine whether to bring criminal charges. The second volume goes into much more detail, for example under the Legal Defenses To The Application Of Obstruction-Of-Justice Statutes To
              The President
              heading starting on page 159 of the second volume.






              share|improve this answer


























                2












                2








                2








                Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?




                Yes, it does. Page 8 (page 220 in the pdf) of the second volume contains the following lines (just before the conclusion heading):




                Finally, we concluded that in the rare case in
                which a criminal investigation of the President’s conduct is justified, inquiries to determine
                whether the President acted for a corrupt motive should not impermissibly chill his performance
                of his constitutionally assigned duties. The conclusion that Congress may apply the obstruction
                laws to the President’s corrupt exercise of the powers of office accords with our constitutional
                system of checks and balances and the principle that no person is above the law.




                I (and some American media outlets, e.g. Vox) interpret that as saying Congress should be the one to determine whether to bring criminal charges. The second volume goes into much more detail, for example under the Legal Defenses To The Application Of Obstruction-Of-Justice Statutes To
                The President
                heading starting on page 159 of the second volume.






                share|improve this answer














                Doesn't this clearly state that Mueller's team made a conscious decision to NOT to evaluate "conduct" that might lead to an indictment of the President?




                Yes, it does. Page 8 (page 220 in the pdf) of the second volume contains the following lines (just before the conclusion heading):




                Finally, we concluded that in the rare case in
                which a criminal investigation of the President’s conduct is justified, inquiries to determine
                whether the President acted for a corrupt motive should not impermissibly chill his performance
                of his constitutionally assigned duties. The conclusion that Congress may apply the obstruction
                laws to the President’s corrupt exercise of the powers of office accords with our constitutional
                system of checks and balances and the principle that no person is above the law.




                I (and some American media outlets, e.g. Vox) interpret that as saying Congress should be the one to determine whether to bring criminal charges. The second volume goes into much more detail, for example under the Legal Defenses To The Application Of Obstruction-Of-Justice Statutes To
                The President
                heading starting on page 159 of the second volume.







                share|improve this answer












                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer










                answered 6 hours ago









                JJJJJJ

                7,25522660




                7,25522660






























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